|
Source:
BIOGRAPHICAL and HISTORICAL MEMOIRS
of
MISSISSIPPI
Embracing an
Authentic and Comprehensive Account of the Chief Events in
The History of the State, and a Record of the
Lives of Many of the Most Worthy and
Illustrious Families and Individuals
in Two Volumes
ILLUSTRATED
Chicago
The Goodspeed Publishing Company
1891
CONTENTS
|
PREFACE |
|
|
CHAPTER I - INTRODUCTION |
7 |
| |
|
|
|
CHAPTER II - ECONOMIC ADJUSTMENT |
16 |
| |
|
|
|
CHAPTER III - POLITICAL ADJUSTMENT -
First Period - 1865 - 1876 |
47 |
| |
-
I - Negroes Are Given Suffrage - 47
- II - The Constitutional Convention of 1868 - 56
- III - Negroes and the State Government - 60
- IV - Character of Government Under Negro Control - 66
- V - The Negroes Lose Control of Government - 74 |
|
|
CHAPTER IV - SOCIAL ADJUSTMENT |
87 |
| |
-
I - General Social Relations - 87
- II - Family Life - 96
- III - Community Life - 98
- IV - Religious Activities - 100
- V - Educational Activities - 120 |
|
CHAPTER V - THE ELIMINATION OF
NEGROES FROM STATE POLITICS
- SECOND PERIOD, 1876 - 1890 |
142 |
| |
-
I - Unlimited Negro Suffrage Under Democratic
Control - 142
- II - Movement toward Elimination of the Negro Vote 148
- III - Difficulties in the Way of Legal Elimination - 155
- IV - Method Employed by Mississippi - 159 |
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|
CHAPTER VI - CONCLUSION |
170 |
| |
-
Condition of the Negroes of Mississippi in 1890 -
170 |
|
|
BIBLIOGRAPHY - PUBLICATIONS OF U. S.
GOVERNMENT |
|
| |
-
Census of 1850, 1860
- Congressional Record
- Senate Executive Documents
- House Executive Documents
- Report of Secretary of War 1868
- U. S. Statutes at Large
- Congressional Globe
- Report of Joint Select Committee to Congress 1872 (Ku Klux Committee)
- Senate Committee Report, 42nd. Congress, 2nd, Session, Vol. I
- Negro Population in the United States 1790-1915 Census
- Senate Report No. 512 1st Session 48th Congress
- Monthly Labor Review, U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, March, 1924
- U. S. Bureau of Education, Bulletin No. 39 |
````````````` |
|
PUBLICATIONS OF MISSISSIPPI
HISTORICAL SOCIETY. |
|
| |
- Bowman, Judge
Robert, Reconstruction in Yazoo County, Vol.
VII
- Brough, C. H., The Clinton Riot, Vol. VI
- Calhoon, S. S., Causes of the Constitutional Convention of 1890,
Vol. VI
- Cooper, F., Reconstruction in Scott County, Vol. XIII
- Johnson, F. A., Suffrage and Reconstruction in Mississippi, Vol.
VI
- Johnson, F. A., The Conference of October 15th, 1875, Vol.
VI
- Jones, J. H., Reconstruction in Wilkinson County, Vol. VIII
- Kendal, Julia, Reconstruction in Lafayette County. Vol. XIII
- Kyle, John W., Reconstructino in Panola County, Vol. XIII
- Leftwich, George J., Reconstruction in Monroe County, Vol. IX
- Magee, Hattie, Reconstruction in Lawrence and Jeff Davis Counties,
Vol. XI
- McNeilly, J. S., The Constitutional Convention of 1890, Vol. VI
- McNeilly, J. S., Reconstruction in Mississippi, Vol. XII
- Power, Col. J. L., The Black and Tan Convention - Vol. III
- Pucket, E. F., Reconstruction in Monroe County, Vol. XI
- Stone, A. H., Legal Status of Freedmen in Mississippi, Vol.
IV |
|
|
NEWSPAPERS AND PERIODICALS |
|
| |
-
Atlantic Monthly
- Birmingham Age Herald
- Boston Statesman
- Clarion, The
- Hinds County Gazette
- Mississippi Pilot
- Natchez Daily Courier
- New York Times
- North American Review
- Woodville Republican |
|
|
COURT REPORTS |
|
| |
-
Mississippi Reports No. 69 and No. 74
- Southern Reports Volume II
- U. S.. Reports, Volume 170 |
|
|
MINUTES AND PROCEEDINGS OF RELIGIOUS
BODIES |
|
| |
-
Minutes, Baptist Missionary Convention, 1870
- Minutes, Eighth Annual Session of Missionary Baptist Convention of
Mississippi and Louisiana, 1876 and 1879
- Minutes, First Antioch Baptist Association, 1868
- Minutes, First Saints Baptist Missionary Association, 1869
- Minutes, General Association of Mississippi, 1872
- Minutes, General Missionary Association, 1874
- Minutes, Mississippi Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church South
- Minutes, Ninth Annual Session of Baptist Missionary Convention, 1877
- Minutes, Sixth Annual Session of Baptist Missionary Convention, 1876
- Proceedings of the Mississippi Baptist Convention |
|
|
MISCELLANEOUS |
|
| |
-
Adger, J. B., My Life and Times
- Banks, Charles, Negro Banks of Mississippi
- Brawley, Benjamin, The History of the American Negro
- Bailey, T. J. and Leavell, Z. T., History of Mississippi Baptists
- Committee Report, The Negro in Chicago
- Circulars and Orders of Freedmens
Bureau, Issued in Mississippi
- Conerly, L. W.., The History of Pike
County, Mississippi
- Catalogue of Tougaloo University - 1901-02
- Dewey, D. R., National Problems
- Dunbar, Alice More, Masterpieces of Negro Eloquence
- Eaton, John, Lincolln Grant, and the Freedmen
- Fleming, W. L., Documentary History
of Reconstruction
- Fleming, W. L., Civil War and Reconstruction in Alabama.
- Garner, J. W., Reconstruction in Mississippi
- Harrison, President Benjamin, First Annual Message, December,
1889
- Hicks, William, A History of
Louisiana Negro Baptists.
- Historical Sketch of the Associated Reformed Presbyterian Church of
Bethany, Lee County Mississippi
- Hosmer, J. K., Life of Samuel Adams
- Holtzclaw, W. H., The Black Man's Burden
- Ingram, J. H., The Sunny South
- Lamar, L. Q. C., Article in North American Review
- Leckey, W. E. H., The American Revolution
- Lowry, Robert and McCardle, Wm. H., A History of Mississippi
- Lynch, J. R. The Facts of Reconstruction
- Mallison, W. E., The Leading Afro-Americans of Vicksburg, Miss.
- Mayes, Edward, The Life, Times and Speeches of L. Q. C. Lamar
- Manuscript Copy of Mississippi Executive Journal, 1865.
- McCall, Samuel W., Thaddeus Stevens
- McTyeire, Bishop H. N., History of Methodism
- Montgomery, Col. F. A., Reminiscences of a Mississippian in Peace
and War.
- Montgomery, I. T., Paper in Proceedings of a Meeting of the
Survivors of the Mississippi Constitutional
Covnention of 1890
- Morgan, A. T., Yazoo
- Nicolay, J. G. and Hay, John, Complete Works of Abraham Lincoln
(2 Vol. Edition of 1902)
- Noble, S. G., Forty Years of Public
Schools in Mississippi with Special Reference to the
Education of Negroes
- Orders of Various Generals Commanding in the South.
- Otkins, Charles H., The Ills of the
South
- Olmsted, F. L., A Journey in the Scaboard Slave States
- Oberholtzer, E. P., History of the United States Since the Civil
War
- Pierce, P. S., The Freedmen's Bureau
- Pollard, A. F., The Evolution of Parliament
- Page, T. N., The Negro the Southerner's Problem
- Republican Platforms 1884 and 1888
- Rhodes, J. F., A History of the
United States from the Compromise of 1850
- Richardson, James D., Messages and Papersof the Presidents.
- Riley, F. L., History of Mississippi
- Russell, Sir Wm. H., My Diary North and South
- Rowland, Dunbar, Mississippi
- Schouler, James, History of the United States
- Shaffer, A. W., In North American Review Nov. 1890 a Southern
Republican on the Lodge Bill
- Smalls, Robert, In North American
Review Nov. 1890 - Election Methods in the South
- Smedes, Susan Dabney, A Southern
Planter
- Stanwood, Edward A., History of the Presidency
- Stratton, Rev. Joseph B., Memorials of a Quarter Century's
Pastorate
- Stone, A. H., Legal Status of Freedmen in Mississippi
- Stone, A. H., Studies in the American Race Problem
- Storey, M., Charles Sumner
- Thompson, P. H., A History of Negro Baptists in Mississippi
- Van Tyne, C. H., The American Revolution
- Washington, B. T., The Story of the Negro, Vol. II
- Weathersby, W. H., A History of
Educational Legislation in Mississippi from 1798
- 1860
- Wilson, Woodrow - A History of the
American People
- Wilcox, Walter F., Address, September 6, 1899
- Woodard, D. W., Negro Progress in a
Mississippi Town
- Woodson, Carter G., A Century of Negro Migration
- Weatherford, W. D., The Negro from Africa to America |
|
ILLUSTRATIONS
VOLUME I
| Author, Portrait of
- Frontispiece |
|
| Mississippi River at
Natchez |
25 |
| View of the
Tombigbee River at Columbus |
25 |
| Nanih
Waiya, the Sacred Mound of the Choctaws, as it
Appeared in 1914. Taken from the West End |
49 |
| Nanih Waiya,
the Sacred Mound of the Choctaws, as it Appeared in
1914. View from East End |
49 |
| Display of Indian
Arrow-Heads and Spear Points from Yazoo County |
59 |
| From a Collection of
Indian Arrow-Heads, Spear Points and Bird Points in
the State Museum |
59 |
| Selected from a
Collection of Indian Pipes Preserved in the
Mississippi Department of Archives and History |
69 |
| Frontispiece and
Title Page of "Atala," By M. de Chateaubriand |
79 |
| Hernando De Soto |
107 |
| Spanish Halbert,
Reputed to Be a Relic of the De Soto Expedition
Through, Mississippi in 1540 |
107 |
| Scenes Along the
Route of De Soto in Tunicia County:
|
|
|
Coldwater River, near the Ford Where De Soto
Crossed |
111 |
|
View of the Border of the Lowlands |
111 |
|
Buck Island Bayou, near the Indian Trail Traveled By
De Soto |
111 |
|
Bluffs Bordering the bottom |
111 |
| Scenes Along the
Route of DeSoto in Tunica county: |
|
|
View of the Mississippi River Near the Point of
discovery |
115 |
|
View of De Soto Mound, Looking from the West |
115 |
|
View of Morass East of the Mounds at Which Were
Located the Indian Villages |
115 |
| Lewis XVI,
King of France, from a Portrait |
123 |
| Robert Cavalier
De La Salle, from a Portrait |
127 |
| La Salle Taking
Possession of Louisiana in the Name of King Louis
XIV, April 9, 1682. From a painting by
T. de Thulstrup |
131 |
| Governor General
Pierre Le Moyne D'Iberville |
137 |
| First Settlement on
Mississippi Soil, Landing of the French Under
d'Iberville, April 8, 1699, at Old Biloxi or Fort
Maurepas |
141 |
| First Colony Biloxi,
Fort Maurepas |
147 |
| Back Bay of Biloxi |
147 |
| Flag of France,
in colors |
165 |
| Portion of De
Lisle's Carte De Louisiana, 1718 |
167 |
| Jean-Baptiste Le
Moyne, Sieur De Bienville II, from a
portrait |
177 |
| Site of Fort
Rosalie, Natchez |
195 |
| John Law of
Lauriston, Founder of the Western Company, from a
Portrait |
201 |
| An Ancient House of
Biloxi, Reputed to Have Been Built Early in the 18th
Century |
207 |
| Old Cannon Taken
from a Vessel Sunk in the Back Bay of Biloxi |
207 |
| Old French Fort,
Near Pascaoula |
213 |
| Flag of England,
in colors |
253 |
| Portion of Map Made
By Lieutenant Ross in 1765 |
257 |
| Town and Fort of
Natchez (1787) |
257 |
| Great Seal of the
British Province of West Flora |
267 |
| Flag of Spain,
in colors |
285 |
| "Concord," the Home
of the Spanish Governors |
299 |
| Key of "Concord" |
299 |
| A Marble Square from
the Floor of "Concord" |
299 |
| Facsimile of a
Memorial to the King of Spain, Dated 1797 |
317 |
| Flag of the United
States, in colors |
337 |
| Winthrop Sargent,
from an Oil Portrait in the Mississippi Hall of Fame |
345 |
| First Page of
Territorial Governor Winthrop Sargent's
Letter Book |
351 |
| Proclamation of
Governor Winthrop Sergeant, 1800 |
357 |
| Form of Military
Commission Issued By the Mississippi Territory in
1801 |
357 |
| Title Page of
"Petition of Cato West and Others" Against the
Administration of Governor Winthrop Sargent |
367 |
| Title Page of
Pamphlet Issued by Gov. Winthrop Sargent in
Defense of His Administration as Governor of the
Mississippi Territory |
367 |
| Two Great Men Lie
Side by Side. tombs of Winthrop Sargent
and Seargeant S. Prentiss |
371 |
| "Windy Hill Manor,"
Natchez, Where Aaron Burr Awaited Trial for
Treason in 1807 |
371 |
| William C. C.
Claiborne, from an Oil Portrait in the
Mississippi Hall of Fame |
377 |
| Jefferson College,
Washington |
387 |
| Gov. Robert
Williams, from an Oil Portrait in the
Mississippi Hall of Fame |
405 |
| Facsimile of the
Order for the Arrest of Aaron Burr |
417 |
| Facsimile of the
Order Directing That Aaron Burr Be Sent to
Washington, D. C. |
417 |
| Facsimile of a
Letter Relative to the Aaron Burr Expedition
to the Mississippi Territory |
423 |
| Facsimile of the
Mississippi Messenger, February 11, 1806 |
429 |
| Title Page of the
"Magistrates' Assistant," Compiled by Judge Harry
Toulmin |
435 |
| Gov. David
Holmes, from an Oil Portrait in the Mississippi
all of Fame |
443 |
| Document from
Silas Dinsmore |
449 |
| Map of Washington,
the Territorial Capital of Mississippi, with
accompanying Document from Silas Dinsmore |
449 |
| Facsimile Signatures
of Governors of Mississippi Territory |
480 |
| Facsimile of the
First Page of the Journal of the Mississippi
Constitutional Convention of 1817 |
487 |
| Facsimile of the
First Page of First Constitution of Mississippi
(1817) |
491 |
| Facsimile of the
Last Pages of the Mississippi Constitution of 1817,
with signatures of the Members of the Constitutional
Convention |
495 |
| Sugar Bowl, Tray and
Candle Snuffers of Gov. George Poindexter |
503 |
| Governor George
Poindexter, from an Oil Portrait in the
Mississippi Hall of Fame |
509 |
| Map Showing the Land
Donated By the United States to the State of
Mississippi for a Seat of Government |
513 |
| Facsimile of
Original Manuscript Map of the City of Jackson as
Made By the Commission Charged With the Duty of
Locating a Capital for the State of Mississippi |
517 |
| First Building in
Jackson and First State Capitol, Northeast Corner of
Capitol and President Streets |
523 |
| Walking Cane
Presented in 1825 by the Marquis De Lafayette to
Gov. Walter Leake of Mississippi |
541 |
| Governor Gerard
Chittocque Brandon, from an Oil Portrait in the
Mississippi Hall of Fame |
543 |
| A Mississippi Bowie
Knife and Sheath |
559 |
| Currency of the
Mississippi and Alabama Railroad Company |
559 |
| Facsimile of the
First Page of the Mississippi Constitution of 1832 |
567 |
| Dr. John W.
Monette, Mississippi Historian |
575 |
| Governor Hiram G.
Runnels, from an Oil Portrait in the Mississippi
Hall of Fame |
581 |
| "Monmouth," Natchez,
the Home of Gov. John A. Quitman |
598 |
| Hon. Jacob
Thompson |
608 |
| The Original
Governor's Mansion, Jackson (1842) |
627 |
| Seargeant Smith
Prentiss, from an Oil Painting in the
Mississippi Hall of Fame |
641 |
| Governor Albert
Gallatin Brown, from an Oil Portrait in the
Mississippi Hall of Fame |
653 |
| Governor John
Anthony Quitman, from an Oil Portrait in the
Mississippi Hall of Fame |
663 |
| Jefferson Davis,
at the Age of Thirty-two Years |
669 |
| Facsimile of Letter
from Colonel Jefferson Davis to Governor A.
G. Brown |
673 |
| "The Briars,"
Natchez, Where Jefferson Davis Was Married in
1845 |
679 |
| "Stanton Hall,"
Natchez |
679 |
| Knapsack Worn by
Senator James Z. George as a Soldier in the
War With Mexico |
685 |
| Bullet Pouch Worn by
Charles H. Gibbs at the Battle of Buena Vista |
685 |
| Sword Presented by
Col. Jefferson Davis to John Holt, a Private
in the First Mississippi Volunteers, War With
Mexico, for Gallantry in Action |
685 |
| The Famous
"Mississippi Rifle" With Which the First Mississippi
Volunteers in the War With Mexico Under the Command
of Col. Jefferson Davis Were Armed |
685 |
| Saddle Blanket and
Bags of General Valencia, a Mexican General,
Captured by a Young American Officer During the War
With Mexico, and Presented to Gen. John A.
Quitman |
685 |
| Senator Robert J.
Walker |
689 |
| Governor Joseph
W. Matthews, from an Oil Portrait in the
Mississippi Hall of Fame |
695 |
| Central Rotunda
Under the Dome, New Capitol |
703 |
| Ante Bellum Home,
Columbus |
725 |
| Home of Gov. John
I. Guion, at the Northwest Corner of Capitol and
West Streets, Jackson |
725 |
| Governor John
Isaac Guion, from an Oil Portrait in the
Mississippi Hall of Fame |
731 |
| Governor James
Whitfield, from an Oil Portrait in the
Mississippi Hall of Fame |
735 |
| Governor Henry
Stuart Foote, from an Oil Portrait in the
Mississippi Hall of Fame |
739 |
| Governor John J.
McRae, from an Oil Portrait in the Mississippi
Hall of Fame |
743 |
| A Type of the Young
Mississippi Woman of 1850. From "Dem Good Ole
Times," by Mrs. James H. Dooley, illustrated
by Suzanne Gutherz |
751 |
| Senator L. Q. C.
Lamar, at Thirty-Seven Years of Age |
755 |
| "Kirkwood," Madison
County. The Ante-Bellum Home of Governor
William McWillie |
761 |
| Governor William
McWillie, from an Oil Portrait in the
Mississippi Hall of Fame |
765 |
| Governor John J.
Pettus, from an Oil Portrait in the Mississippi
Hall of Fame |
769 |
| A Type of the
Mississippi Woman, 1820-1860. From "Dem Good
Ole Times," by Mrs. James H. Dooley,
Illustrated by Suzanne Gutherz |
775 |
| Magnolia State
Fllat,
in colors |
776 |
| Facsimile of "An
Ordinance to Dissolve the Union Between the State of
Mississippi and the Other States United With Her
Under the Compact Entitled The Constitution of the
United States" |
779 |
| "Bonnie Blue" Flag,
in colors |
784 |
| Colonel William
S. Barry |
787 |
| Flag of the
Confederacy, in colors |
790 |
| An Officer of the
Confederate States Army |
793 |
| An Infantryman of
the Confederate States Army |
793 |
| A Cavalryman of the
Confederate States Army |
793 |
| Battle Flag of
Eighteenth Mississippi Regiment of Infantry, C. S.
A. |
797 |
| Battle Flag of the
Nineteenth Mississippi Regiment of Infantry, C. S.
A. |
797 |
| Currency of the
State of Mississippi Issued During the Confederate
Period. The Portrait is that of Governor J.
J. Pettus |
801 |
| Bracelet, Watch
Charm, and Ring Made By a Mississippi Confederate
Officer While a Prisoner at Fort Delaware |
807 |
| Flag of the
Fifteenth Mississippi Regiment of Infantry, C. S. A. |
807 |
| Governor Charles
Clark, from an Oil Portrait in the Mississippi
Hall of Fame |
813 |
| Capitols in 1863-64.
1, Courthouse, Columbus; 2, Calhoun Institute,
Macon; 3, Church, Columbus |
821 |
| Confederate States
Bond, of August 20, 1862 |
827 |
| Mississippi Bond of
February 20, 1865 |
833 |
| Jefferson Davis
and His Generals |
841 |
| Brig.-Gen. W. L.
Brandon |
849 |
| Brig.-Gen.
Douglas H. Cooper |
849 |
| Brig.-Gen. B. G.
Humphreys |
849 |
| Brig.-Gen.
William Barksdale |
849 |
| Brig.-Gen. M. P.
Lowrey |
849 |
| Brig.-Gen.
W. S. Featherston |
849 |
| Brig.-Gen.
Samuel Benton |
849 |
| Brig.-Gen.
Wirt Adams |
849 |
| Brig.-Gen.
J. R. Davis |
849 |
| Dress Sword of Col.
L. Q. C. Lamar, of the Nineteenth Regiment of
Mississippi Infantry, C. S. A. |
859 |
| Pistol and Holster
Worn by Col. Robert A. Smith When Mortally
Wounded at the Battle of Munfordsville |
859 |
| Lee's Headquarters
at the Junction of Plank Road and Welford's Furnace
Road, Chancellorsville, Virginia |
859 |
| Battle Flag of
Fourth Mississippi Regiment of Infantry, C. S. A. |
869 |
| Flag of Duncan
Rifles, Third Battalion of Mississippi Infantry, C.
S. A. |
869 |
VOLUME II -
VOLUME I
CONTENTS
| |
|
|
CHAPTER XXIII - ARMIES OF TENNESSEE
AND NORTHERN VIRGINIA |
11 |
| |
-
Mississippi in the Army of Tennessee
- The Battle of Shiloh-Chalmers' Brigade
- Mississippi Horsemen and Gunners
- Breckinridges Reserve Corps
- Death of Albert Sidney Johnston
- Caring for the Wounded in Battle
- General Call to the Confederate Colors
- The Battle of Murfreesboro
- General Chalmers Badly Wounded
- Chickamauga
- Siege and Battle of Chattanooga
- Georgia Campaign of 1864
- Final Actions of Army of Tennessee
- Battle of First Manassas
- "Enlisted for the War"
- The Sixteenth with Stonewall Jackson
- The Peninsula Campaign
- Sharpsburg and Fredericksburg
- General Lee Invades the North
- Mississippi at Gettysburg
- Barksdale's Brigade
- Picketts Charge
- Humphreys' Brigade with Army of Tennessee
- Closing Actions of the War
- Devotion of Mississippi Women |
|
|
CHAPTER XXIV - MISSISSIPPI OFFICERS,
ORGANIZATIONS AND MEN |
68 |
| |
- List
of General Officers
- List of Regiments and Battalions
- Roster of Mississippi Soldiers, Army of Northern
Virginia, Paroled at Appomattox |
|
|
CHAPTER XXV - CONDITIONS IN
MISSISSIPPI AFTER THE WAR |
105 |
| |
-
Mississippi's Fight for Home Rule
- Judge Sharkey Appointed Provisional
Governor
- Sharkey's Administration
- Secession Ordinance Declared Null and Void
- Ante-Election Issues in Mississippi
- Election of General Humphreys
- Legislature of October 16 - December 6, 1865
- A Dual-Headed Government
- Two United States Senators Elected
- The Black Code of 1865
- The Thirteenth Amendment Rejected
- Bitter Fight Between Republican Politicians
- Parting of the Ways
- Action By Congress on Presidential Vetoes
- Home Affairs Preceding Legislative Session, 1866
- 67
- Martial Law Not Lifted
- Fourteenth Amendment Passes Congress
- The Legislature of October 15, '66-February 21,
'67
- Request for the Release of Jefferson
Davis from Imprisonment
- Passage of the Reconstruction Acts
- Effects of Reconstruction Acts in Mississippi
- Majority of Negro Registrants
- Negro Vote Handled Through Loyal League
- Upon the Eve of the Convention
- Political Divisions
- Constitutional Convention of 1868
- First Rejection of the Constitution
- Governor Humphreys Forced from Office by
the Military Arm
- Governor Humphreys' Family Ejected From
the Mansion
- The Ames Provisional Administration
- Resubmission of the Constitution
- Admission of Mississippi's United Stats Senators |
|
|
CHAPTER XXVI - RECONSTRUCTION
CONTINUED |
159 |
| |
-
Governor Alcorn Accepts The Situation
- Plans Too Large For Treasury
- First Financial Year of the "New Order"
- The Legislature of 1871
- Governor Alcorn Abandons the Field
- Racial Disorders of 1871
- The Meridian Riot of March 6, 1871
- The Enforcement Act
- The Close of the Year 1871
- The Inauguration of the Powers
Administration
- Republican Rule Continued
- The General Elections of 1872
- Secretaryship of State Monopolized by Negroes
- The Ames-Alcorn Contest for Governor
- State Finances Under Negro Rule
- First Year of the Ames Administration
- Rebellion Against Misrule
- The The Vicksburg Riots of December, 1874
- Special Session of the Legislature
- The Taxpayers' Convention of 1875
- Response of Governor and Legislature
- The State Democracy Again in Action
- Political and Race Disorders
- The Election of November, 1875
- The Fall of Radical Republicanism
- Proceedings Making John M. Stone Governor. |
|
|
CHAPTER XXVII - DEMOCRATS IN
CONTROL |
206 |
| |
- First
Steps in True Reconstruction
- The Finances of 1876
- Elections of 1876
- Mississippi at the Centennial Exposition
- The Legislature of 1877
- State Board of Health Organized
- The Democrats Unimpeded
- Legislative Session of 1878
- Last Scourge of Yellow Fever
- Elections of 1879 and 1880
- The Levee System
- Last of Governor Stone's Administration
- Governor Lowry Inaugurated
- Finances of 1882
- Industrial Growth
- The Session of 1884
- Abuses of the Convict System
- Railroad Commission Created
- Last Visit of Jefferson Davis to the
State's Capital
- Events of 1884 and 1885
- Mississippi at the New Orleans Exposition
- Temperance and Education Prominent
- Close of Lowry's Second Administration
- In Gratitude to the Maimed and Dead
- Better Treatment for Convicts
- Death of Jefferson Davis
- Good Outlook for 1890 |
|
|
CHAPTER XXVIII - JOHN M. STONE'S
LAST TERM AS GOVERNOR |
|
| |
- Last
Term of John M. Stone
- Millsaps College Founded
- Mississippi Historical Society Incorporated
- The Constitutional Convention of 1890
- Two Leaders, Not Democrats
- The Reasons for the Convention
- The Great Problem Before the Convention
- The Constitution Adopted as a Whole
- Ordinances Adopted by the Convention
- Code of 1892
- Death of Lamar
- State Issue of Fiat Money
- Suggested Reforms in the Laws
- Adoption of State Flag and Coat-of-Arms
- Honors for Anselm J. McLaurin
- State Finances Not Encouraging
- McLaurin Assumes Governorship
- The Passing of Senators George and Walthall
- War With Spain, 1898
- Railroad Exemption From Taxes Repealed
- Recommends Popular Election of United States
Senators
- The Election of 1899
- Financial Outlook Brighter
- Literary Activates in Mississippi |
|
|
CHAPTER XXIX - A NEW GENERATION |
279 |
| |
-
Inauguration of the Longino Administration
- The New Capitol
- Election for Congressmen and Constitutional
Amendments
- Creation of the Mississippi Department of
Archives and History
- State Insurance Department Created
- Adopted of the Magnolia as State Flower
- Extension of Convict Farm System
- Beginning of the Oyster Dispute
- Good Roads Movement
- Governor Longino Encouraged
- Passage of Primary Election Law
- Constitutionality of the Law Vindicated
- The Primary Elections of 1903
- Epitome of the Longino Administration
- Gov. James K. Vardaman Inaugurated in the
New Capitol
- Legislation of 1904
- Creation of Text Book Commission
- The Beauvoir Confederate Home
- Yellow Fever Exterminated in Mississippi
- The Penitentiary Farms
- Boundary Decision Against Mississippi
- Laws Passed in 1906
- Penitentiary System Reformed
- Vardaman Defeated for United States
Senator by Williams
- Edmond F. Noel Chose for Governor
- Social Conditions in Mississippi |
|
|
CHAPTER XXX - EIGHT CONSTRUCTIVE
YEARS |
315 |
| |
- The
Noel Administration
- Encouragement of Agriculture and Live Stock
- Death of Gen. Stephen D. Lee
- Death of Bishop Charles B. Galloway
- Leroy Percy Succeeds United States
Senator McLaurin
- Establishment of Agricultural High Schools in
the State
- Other Encouragements for Rural Development
- A State Pure Food Law Enacted
- Trustees of the State Charity Hospital
- Earl Leroy Brewer Elected Governor
- The 1912 Legislature
- Preserving the Old State Capitol
- Guaranteeing Bank Deposits
- Administrative and Executive Development
- Elections of 1914
- Elections of 1915 |
|
|
CHAPTER XXXI - A CENTURY OF
STATEHOOD |
345 |
| |
-
Inauguration of T. G. Bilbo
- Educational Reforms By the Legislature
- New State Charities
- Final Action on Preservation of the Old Capitol
- State Tax Commission Created
- Special Session of 1917
- Legislation of 1918
- Departmental Matters
- Election of Byron Patton Harrison to the
U. S. Senate
- Lee M. Russell Elected Governor
- Constitutional Amendment Regarding School Funds
- The People of Mississippi in 1920
- Facts Taken From the Fourteenth Census
- Urban and Rural Population
- Population of Corporations Above 2,500 People
- Population of Mississippi, 1800-1920
- Analysis of the State's Population |
|
|
CHAPTER XXXII - MISSISSIPPI IN THE
WORLD WAR |
363 |
| |
-
Mississippi Troops on the Mexican Border
- The Regiment Held for War
- Becomes the 155th Infantry
- Overseas Duties Absorb Regiment
- Effacement of State Lines
- Letters from the Front
- "Heroes All"
- Mississippi's Home Service During the War
- General Officers from Mississippi
- Mississippi Centennial Poem
- 1817 - 1917 |
|
|
CHAPTER XXXIII - STATE AFFAIRS,
1920 - 1924 |
394 |
| |
-
Lee M. Russell Inaugurated Governor
- Primaries and General Election, 1920
- Two Constitutional Amendments Adopted
- John Sharp Williams Retires From the U. S.
Senate
- United States Senator Hubert D. Stephens
- The Campaign of 1923
- Legislation of 1920-24
- Governor Whitfield's Inaugural
- Financial, Industrial, and Economic Reforms
- Mississippi Governors in Succession |
|
|
CHAPTER XXXIV - MISSISSIPPI IN
CONGRESS |
420 |
| |
-
Mississippi's First Senators, Walter Leake
and Thomas H. Williams, December 11, 1817
- Senatorial Contest of 1829
- George Poindexter and Robert J. Walker
- Senators 1829-1847
- Jefferson Davis, the Hero of Buena Vista,
Senator From Mississippi
- Senators 1850-1861
- Resignation of Senators Davis and Brown
- The Confederate Reconstruction Periods
- L. Q. C. Lamar, Edward Cary Walthall, James Z.
George
- Senators 1880-1925
- John Sharp Williams
- Pat Harrison
- Mississippi Congressmen
- George Poindexter, First Congressman,
December 11, 1817
- Prentiss and Word
- Claiborne and Gholson
- Congressmen 1817-1925 |
|
|
CHAPTER XXXV - THE JUDICIARY OF
MISSISSIPPI |
440 |
| |
- The
Pioneer Territorial Judges
- First Judicial Systems
- Judicial System Taking Shape
- Changes in System up to the Time of Statehood
- Territorial Judges of Mississippi, 1798-1817
- First Judiciary of the State
- The First State Supreme Court
- Supreme Judges of the State of Mississippi,
1818-1832
- High Court of Errors and Appeals, 1833-1870
- Supreme Court, 1870-1925
- Judges of the Supreme Court of Mississippi,
1870-1925
- Circuit Judges, 1833-1925
- Chancellors, 1870-1925
- The Superior Court of Chancery, 1821-1857
- Personnel of the Superior Court of Chancery |
|
|
CHAPTER XXXVI - EDUCATION IN
MISSISSIPPI |
469 |
| |
-
Before and In Territorial Times
- Pioneer Academies of the State Period
- Mississippi's Educational System
- Public Education Up to 1845
- Founding of the State University
- The First Common School "System"
- Schools for Defectives
- Educational Interregnum Caused By War
- The Reconstruction Period
- The State University Before and During the War
- The University Since the War
- Mississippi State College for Women
- The Agricultural and Mechanical College
- The Alcorn A. & M. College
- The System Under the Constitution of 1890
- Schools For Defectives Recently Established
- State Educational Institutions
- The Denominational Colleges
- Junior colleges and Academies
- Colleges and Institutes for Negroes
- Present Public School Conditions
- High Schools and Education of Negroes |
|
|
CHAPTER XXXVII - INDUSTRIAL
MISSISSIPPI |
508 |
| |
-
Comparative Importance of the Industries
- Agriculture in the Eighteenth Century
- Tobacco, Mississippi's First Commercial Staple
- Raising of Indigo Plant for Dye Stuffs
- Cotton Becomes King
- Whitney's Gin Introduced
- The Basis of Mississippi Cotton
- The Cultivation of Corn
- Inauguration of Scientific Farming
- Agricultural Progress Since the War For Southern
Independence
- The Decade 1900-1910
- Statistical Survey, 1850=1920
- Explanation of Census Terms
- Acreage, Production and Value of the Leading
Crops
- The Farmers, White and Negro
- Artificial Drainage
- Drainage Enterprises
- Drainage on Farms
- The Operating System of Artificial Drainage
- Drainage Legislation
- Live Stock in Mississippi
- Live Stock Products and Sales
- Industrial Mississippi, 1799-1900
- Industrial Progress for Twenty Years
|
|
|
CHAPTER XXXVIII - TRANSPORTATION
IN MISSISSIPPI |
549 |
| |
-
Mississippi River Travel
- Steaming Up the Mississippi
- First Western Passenger Steamer
- Railroad Pioneering in Mississippi
- Longest Chartered Railroad in the United States
- Great Railroad Development Since the '80s
- The Illinois Central System
- Yazoo and Mississippi Valley Railroad Company the
Southern Railway System
- The Mobile and Ohio Railroad Company
- Gulf, Mobile and Northern Railroad
- Kansas City, Memphis and Birmingham Railroad
- The Alabama and Vicksburg Railway Company
- Gulf and Ship Island and Railroad Company
- The Mississippi Central Railroad
- The Louisville and Nashville System in
Mississippi
- The New Orleans Great Northern
- Minor Lines
- The Highways of the State
- Why The Department was Created
- The Available Funds
- Mississippi's Highway System |
|
|
CHAPTER XXXIX - BANKS, BANKING AND
STATE FINANCES |
571 |
| |
- State
Regulation of Banks
- Present Banking and Existing Banks
- Mississippi Banks by Towns and Cities
- Status of the Leading Banks
- The Debt of the State From 1865 to 1900
- Bonded Indebtedness Covering the Past Twenty
Years |
|
|
CHAPTER XL - MISSISSIPPI HIGHER
ACTIVITIES |
588 |
| |
- Early
Catholic Missions
- Early Baptist Missions
- The Episcopal Church
- The Methodists of Mississippi
- Lorenzo Dow Deeds First Protestant Church
Lot
- Historic Sunday School at Natchez
- The State Furnishes Three Bishops
- The Presbyterians in Mississippi
- Formation of Mississippi Presbytery
- The Cumberland Presbyterian Church
- The Christian Church
- Present Status of the Churches
- Public Charities
- Mississippi as a Leader in Reforms
- Modern Social Tendencies
- Good Society Still in Mississippi |
|
|
CHAPTER XLI - THE MISSISSIPPI
PRESS |
613 |
| |
- Birth
of the Mississippi Press
- Andrw Marschalk and B. M. Stokes,
Pioneers
- The Mississippi Gazette and Other Newspapers of
Natchez
- Marschalk, Peter Isler and Richard C.
Langdon, First Public Printers of Territory and
State.
- Newspapers Established Outside of Natchez and
Washington, Pioneer Capitals
- Leading Early Newspapers Classified Politically
- Early Jackson Press
- War Trials for Mississippi Newspapers
- The Revival
- Oldest Existing Newspapers
- Four Great Editors
- Mississippi Newspapers on File in the State
Historical Department, Published 1830-1840;
1840-1850; 1850-1860
- Present Newspapers of Mississippi |
|
|
CHAPTER XLII - SLAVERY IN
MISSISSIPPI - THE NEGRO IN 1924 |
628 |
| |
-
Slavery Among the French and Spanish
- American Opposition to the Institution
- Mississippi Territory Recognizes Problem
- The State of Mississippi and Slavery
- Abolition Arises as a Political Issue
- Opposition to Slave Traffic Increases
- Rising Tide of Pro-Slavery Sentiment
- Slavery as Practiced in Mississippi
- Attitude Toward Slavery After the War
- Negroes of the South During the War
- The Negro in Mississippi in 1924 |
|
|
CHAPTER XLIII - RACIAL INFLUENCES |
657 |
| |
- Early
Population of the Gulf Coast Regon of Mississippi
- The French Pioneers of Interior America
- Upper and Lower Mississippi United
- Providing the French With Wives
- Importation of African Slaves
- Termination of French Rule
- Racial Mixtures Under English Dominion
- Immigration Under Spanish Rule
- American Centers and Sources of Moulding Forces
- Mississippi Populaton 1850-1860 |
|
|
CHAPTER XLIV - THE COUNTIES OF
MISSISSIPPI - ADAM CLAIBORNE |
673 |
| |
-
Historical Division
- Counties of the Old Natchez District
- Counties of First Choctaw Cession
- District of Mobile Counties
- County Division of First Chickasaw Cession
- The New Purchase Erected into Counties
- Counties Formed From Remaining Choctaw Lands
- Remainder of Chickasaw Lands Formed Into Counties
- The Counties of Mississippi; Their Early History
and Organization, Cities, Towns, and Villages, Water
Courses and Railroads, Development in Population,
Agriculture, and Manufactures:
- Adams County
- Alcorn County
- Amite County
- Attala County
- Benton County
- Bolivar County
- Calhoun County
- Carroll County
- Chickasaw County
- Choctaw County
- Claiborne County |
|
|
CHAPTER XLV - THE COUNTIES OF
MISSISSIPPI - CLARK - HARRISON |
705 |
| |
- Early
History and Organization, Cities, Towns, and
Villages, Water Courses and Railroads, Development
in Population, Agriculture and Manufactures;
- Clarke County
- Clay County
- Coahoma County
- Copiah County
- Covington County
- De Soto County
- Forrest County
- Franklin County
- George County
- Greene County
- Grenada County
- Hancock County
- Harrison County |
|
|
CHAPTER XLVI - THE COUNTIES OF
MISSISSIPPI - Hinds - Marion |
734 |
| |
- Early
History and Organizations, Cities, Towns, and
Villages, Water Courses and Railroads, Development
in Population, Agriculture, and Manufactures:
- Hinds County
- Holmes County
- Humphreys County
- Issaquena County
- Itawamba County
- Jackson County
- Jasper County
- Jefferson County
- Jefferson Davis County
- Jones County
- Kemper County
- Lafayette County
- Lamar County
- Lauderdale County
- Lawrence County
- Leake County
- Lee County
- LeFlore County
- Lincoln County
- Lowndes County
- Madison County
- Marion County |
|
|
CHAPTER XLVII - THE COUNTIES OF
MISSISSIPPI - MARSHALL - SUNFLOWER |
787 |
| |
- Early
history and Organization, Cities, Towns, and
Villages, Water Courses and Railroads, Development
in Population, Agriculture and Manufactures:
- Marshall County
- Monroe County
- Montgomery County
- Neshoba County
- Newton County
- Noxubee County
- Oktibbeha County
- Panola County
- Pearl River County
- Perry County
- Pike County
- Pontotoc County
- Prentiss County
- Quitman County
- Rankin County
- Scott County
- Sharkey County
- Simpson County
- Smith County
- Stone County
- Sunflower County |
|
|
CHAPTER XLVIII - THE COUNTIES OF
MISSISSIPPI - TALLAHATCHIE - YAZOO |
89 |
| |
- Early
History and Organization, Cities, Towns, and
Villages, Water Courses and Railroads, Development
in Population, Agriculture, and Manufactures:
- Tallahatchie County
- Tate County
- Tippah County
- Tishomingo County
- Tunica County
- Union County
- Wayne County
- Webster County
- Wilkinson County
- Winston County
- Yalobusha County
- Yazoo County |
|
ILLUSTRATIONS
VOLUME II
| Coat of Arms of
Mississippi, in colors - Frontispiece |
|
| Maj.-Gen. W. H.
C. Whiting |
13 |
| Brig.-Gen. James
A. Smith |
13 |
| Brig.-Gen. Carnot
Posey |
13 |
| Brig.-Gen. Robert
Lowry |
13 |
| Brig.-Gen. J. H.
Sharp |
13 |
| Brig.-Gen. Peter
B. Starke |
13 |
| Brig.-Gen.
Charles Clark |
13 |
| Brig.-Gen. S. W.
Ferguson |
13 |
| Maj.-Gen. E. C.
Walthall |
25 |
| Brig.-Gen. W. F.
Tucker |
25 |
| Brig.-Gen. W. F.
Brantley |
25 |
| Brig.-Gen. W. E.
Baldwin |
25 |
| Brig.-Gen. S. J.
Gholson |
25 |
| Maj.-Gen. W. T.
Martin |
25 |
| Knife and Fork Used
on the Confederate Battleship "Alabama," Commanded
by Admiral Raphael Semmes |
37 |
| Sword Worn by Gen.
W. S. Featerston During the War for Southern
Independence |
37 |
| Battle Flag of the
Second Mississippip Regiment of Infantry, C. S. A. |
37 |
| The Crater,
Petersburg, Virginia |
49 |
| Devil's Den,
Gettysburg, Pennsylvania |
57 |
| Cemetery Hill from
Little Round Top, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania |
57 |
| Maj.-Gen. Earl
Van Dorn |
69 |
| Brig.-Gen.
Richard Griffith |
69 |
| Maj.-Gen. S. G.
French |
69 |
| Brig.-Gen. N. H.
Harris |
69 |
| Brig.-Gen. J. R.
Chalmers |
69 |
| Brig.-Gen. C. W.
Sears |
69 |
| Battle Flag of the
Tenth Mississippi Regiment of Infantry, C. S. A. |
79 |
| Governor William
Lewis Sharkey |
107 |
| Governor Benjamin
G. Humphreys |
117 |
| Title Page of "The
Imitation of Christ" |
135 |
| Governor James
Lusk Alcorn |
161 |
| Episcopal Church,
Natchez |
205 |
| Gen. Stephen Dill
Lee |
211 |
| Governor Robert
Lowery |
221 |
| Mississippi State
College for Women, Columbus |
227 |
| Colonel J. F. H.
Claiborne |
233 |
| Cane of Jefferson
Davis, Made from the Mount Vernon Oak |
240 |
| Governor John
Marshall Stone |
243 |
| Old State Capitol,
1839-1903 |
249 |
| Senator L. Q. C.
Lamar |
257 |
| Senator Edward
Cary Walthall |
263 |
| Senator James Z.
George |
267 |
| Confederate
Monument, Jackson |
273 |
| Flag of Mississippi,
in colors |
279 |
| The New Capitol of
Mississippi |
281 |
| Front of the
Mississippi State Capitol, Showing Tympanum |
287 |
| Section of the
Mississippi Hall of Fame |
287 |
| Section of the State
Museum, Showing Flags and Mementoes of the War for
Southern Independence, with the Mississippi Hall of
Fame in the Distance |
291 |
| Jefferson Davis
Beauvoir Memorial Home for Mississippi
Confederate Soldiers |
303 |
| Monument Erected in
Honor of the Women of the Confederacy, on the
Capitol Grounds, Jackson |
317 |
| East End of Capitol |
317 |
| Display Cases
Showing Collection of Indian Antiquities |
323 |
| Facsimile of Bronze
Tablet Presented by Colonial Dames of Mississippi,
February 22, 1911 |
327 |
| Main Building, State
Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, Jackson, 1904 |
333 |
| Senate Chamber and
House of Representatives, Old Capitol, Jackson
(Before Restoration) |
339 |
| Detail of Dome, Old
Capitol |
347 |
| Detail of the House
of Representatives Chamber, Old Capitol |
347 |
| Detail of the State
Library, Old Capitol |
347 |
| Stairway, Old
Capitol, Leading to the Third Floor |
347 |
| Magnolia, State
Flower, in colors |
363 |
| Maj.-Gen. H. P.
McCain |
365 |
| Brig.-Gen. Fox
Conner |
365 |
| Brig.-Gen. John
W. Heard |
365 |
| East Mississippi
Hospital for the Insane, Meridian, 1904 |
395 |
| Senator John
Sharp Williams |
401 |
| Jefferson Davis
Monument at Fairview, Kentucky, His Birthplace |
405 |
| Facsimile of a
Letter from Jefferson Davis to G. T.
Beauregard |
410, 411 |
| The Sword, Scabbard
and Belt Worn by Gen. William Barksdale When
He Was Killed at Gettysburg |
417 |
| Sudley Springs, Bull
Run, Virginia, Where Mississippi Troops Were Engaged |
417 |
| Main Entrance to
Capitol |
421 |
| Senator Hernando
DeSoto Money |
429 |
| Dr. Richard
Watson Jones |
471 |
| Gen. Stephen Dill
Lee |
471 |
| Dr. Robert
Burwell Fulton |
471 |
| Hon. James Rhea
Preston |
471 |
| State Institution
for the Blind, Jackson, 1902 |
477 |
| Pioneer Buildling of
the University of Mississippi, Oxford (1848) |
483 |
| Music Hall -
Mississippi State College for Women |
489 |
| The Cotton Plant,
in colors |
508 |
| Naval Reserve Park,
Biloxi |
513 |
| A Productive Tomato
Field, Crystal Springs |
519 |
| Harvesting Corn |
519 |
| Great Forage Plant
of Mississippi. Lespedeza, or Japanese Clover |
527 |
| Mississippi Pecan
Grove |
535 |
| Alfalfa Field in
Noxubee County, Northeast Mississippi |
535 |
| Mississippi
Long-Leaf Pines |
543 |
| Mississippi Forest
of Long-Leaf Pine |
543 |
| Beauvoir, Last Home
of Jeffeson Davis |
551 |
| Benachie Avenue,
Biloxi, with the Gulf of Mexico in the Distance |
565 |
| Stock Certificate of
First Bank Established in Mississippi At Natchez in
1809 |
573 |
| The Heart of
Jackson, Showing the Governor's Mansion in the
Foreground, Smith Park in the Center, and the State
Capitol in the Background |
591 |
| Alcorn A. & M.
College for Negroes - Chapel Buildilng |
653 |
| Map of Mississippi
Territory, 1809 |
675 |
| "Arlington," Natchex |
681 |
| "Malmaison," Carroll
County, Home of Greenwood Leflore,
Built 1854 |
681 |
| The Classic City
Hall of Jackson |
735 |
| Lauren Rogers
Libary, Laurel |
755 |
| Street Scene, Laurel |
755 |
| City Hall, Meridian |
763 |
| Map of Mississippi,
1832 |
775 |
| Ante-Bellum Home,
Holly Springs |
789 |
| Biloxi Lighthouse,
Built in 1848 |
789 |
| Map of Mississippi,
1842 |
801 |
| Map of Mississippi,
1872 |
831 |
. |
