|
Source:
A HISTORY
of the
NEGROES of MISSISSIPPI
from 1865 to 1890
by
Jesse Thomas Wallace
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for
the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, in the faculty of
Political Science, Columbia University
Clinton, Mississippi,
1927
CONTENTS
|
PREFACE |
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| CHAPTER I -
INTRODUCTION |
7 |
| |
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| CHAPTER II
- ECONOMIC ADJUSTMENT |
16 |
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| CHAPTER III
- POLITICAL ADJUSTMENT - First Period - 1865 - 1876 |
47 |
| |
- I - Negroes Are
Given Suffrage - 47
- II - The Cnstitutional Convention of 1868 - 56
- III - Negroes and the State Government - 60
- IV - Character of Government Under Negro Control - 66
- V - The Negroes Lose Control of Government - 74 |
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| CHAPTER IV
- SOCIAL ADJUSTMENT |
87 |
| |
- I - General
Social Relations - 87
- II - Family Life - 96
- III - Community Life - 98
- IV - Religious Activities - 100
- V - Educational Activities - 120 |
|
CHAPTER
V - THE ELIMINATION OF NEGROES FROM STATE POLITICS
- SECOND PERIOD, 1876 - 1890 |
142 |
| |
- I - Unlimited
Negro Suffrage Under Democratic Control - 142
- II - Movement toward Elimination of the Negro Vote 148
- III - Difficulties in the Way of Legal Elimination - 155
- IV - Method Employed by Mississippi - 159 |
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| CHAPTER
VI - CONCLUSION |
170 |
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- Condition of
the Negroes of Mississippi in 1890 - 170 |
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BIBLIOGRAPHY - PUBLICATIONS OF U. S. GOVERNMENT |
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-
Census of 1850, 1860
- Congressional Record
- Senate Executive Documents
- House Executive Documents
- Report of Secretary of War 1868
- U. S. Statutes at Large
- Congressional Globe
- Report of Joint Select Committee to Congress 1872 (Ku Klux Committee)
- Senate Committee Report, 42nd. Congress, 2nd, Session, Vol. I
- Negro Population in the United States 1790-1915 Census
- Senate Report No. 512 1st Session 48th Congress
- Monthly Labor Review, U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, March, 1924
- U. S. Bureau of Education, Bulletin No. 39 |
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PUBLICATIONS OF MISSISSIPPI HISTORICAL SOCIETY. |
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- Bowman, Judge Robert,
Reconstruction in Yazoo County, Vol. VII
- Brough, C. H., The Clinton Riot, Vol. VI
- Calhoon, S. S., Causes of the Constitutional Convention of 1890,
Vol. VI
- Cooper, F., Reconstruction in Scott County, Vol. XIII
- Johnson, F. A., Suffrage and Reconstruction in Mississippi, Vol.
VI
- Johnson, F. A., The Conference of October 15th, 1875, Vol.
VI
- Jones, J. H., Reconstruction in Wilkinson County, Vol. VIII
- Kendal, Julia, Reconstruction in Lafayette County. Vol. XIII
- Kyle, John W., Reconstructino in Panola County, Vol. XIII
- Leftwich, George J., Reconstruction in Monroe County, Vol. IX
- Magee, Hattie, Reconstruction in Lawrence and Jeff Davis Counties,
Vol. XI
- McNeilly, J. S., The Constitutional Convention of 1890, Vol. VI
- McNeilly, J. S., Reconstruction in Mississippi, Vol. XII
- Power, Col. J. L., The Black and Tan Convention - Vol. III
- Pucket, E. F., Reconstruction in Monroe County, Vol. XI
- Stone, A. H., Legal Status of Freedmen in Mississippi, Vol.
IV
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| NEWSPAPERS
AND PERIODICALS |
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- Atlantic
Monthly
- Birmingham Age Herald
- Boston Statesman
- Clarion, The
- Hinds County Gazette
- Mississippi Pilot
- Natchez Daily Courier
- New York Times
- North American Review
- Woodville Republican |
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| COURT
REPORTS |
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| MINUTES AND
PROCEEDINGS OF RELIGIOUS BODIES |
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MISCELLANEOUS |
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-
Adger, J. B., My Life and Times
- Banks, Charles, Negro Banks of Mississippi
- Brawley, Benjamin, The History of the American Negro
- Bailey, T. J. and Leavell, Z. T., History of Mississippi Baptists
- Committee Report, The Negro in Chicago
- Circulars and Orders of Freedmens
Bureau, Issued in Mississippi
- Conerly, L. W.., The History of Pike
County, Mississippi
- Catalogue of Tougaloo University - 1901-02
- Dewey, D. R., National Problems
- Dunbar, Alice More, Masterpieces of Negro Eloquence
- Eaton, John, Lincolln Grant, and the Freedmen
- Fleming, W. L., Documentary History
of Reconstruction
- Fleming, W. L., Civil War and Reconstruction in Alabama.
- Garner, J. W., Reconstruction in Mississippi
- Harrison, President Benjamin, First Annual Message, December,
1889
- Hicks, William, A History of
Louisiana Negro Baptists.
- Historical Sketch of the Associated Reformed Presbyterian Church of
Bethany, Lee County Mississippi
- Hosmer, J. K., Life of Samuel Adams
- Holtzclaw, W. H., The Black Man's Burden
- Ingram, J. H., The Sunny South
- Lamar, L. Q. C., Article in North American Review
- Leckey, W. E. H., The American Revolution
- Lowry, Robert and McCardle, Wm. H., A History of Mississippi
- Lynch, J. R. The Facts of Reconstruction
- Mallison, W. E., The Leading Afro-Americans of Vicksburg, Miss.
- Mayes, Edward, The Life, Times and Speeches of L. Q. C. Lamar
- Manuscript Copy of Mississippi Executive Journal, 1865.
- McCall, Samuel W., Thaddeus Stevens
- McTyeire, Bishop H. N., History of Methodism
- Montgomery, Col. F. A., Reminiscences of a Mississippian in Peace
and War.
- Montgomery, I. T., Paper in Proceedings of a Meeting of the
Survivors of the Mississippi Constitutional
Covnention of 1890
- Morgan, A. T., Yazoo
- Nicolay, J. G. and Hay, John, Complete Works of Abraham Lincoln
(2 Vol. Edition of 1902)
- Noble, S. G., Forty Years of Public
Schools in Mississippi with Special Reference to the
Education of Negroes
- Orders of Various Generals Commanding in the South.
- Otkins, Charles H., The Ills of the
South
- Olmsted, F. L., A Journey in the Scaboard Slave States
- Oberholtzer, E. P., History of the United States Since the Civil
War
- Pierce, P. S., The Freedmen's Bureau
- Pollard, A. F., The Evolution of Parliament
- Page, T. N., The Negro the Southerner's Problem
- Republican Platforms 1884 and 1888
- Rhodes, J. F., A History of the
United States from the Compromise of 1850
- Richardson, James D., Messages and Papersof the Presidents.
- Riley, F. L., History of Mississippi
- Russell, Sir Wm. H., My Diary North and South
- Rowland, Dunbar, Mississippi
- Schouler, James, History of the United States
- Shaffer, A. W., In North American Review Nov. 1890 a Southern
Republican on the Lodge Bill
- Smalls, Robert, In North American
Review Nov. 1890 - Election Methods in the South
- Smedes, Susan Dabney, A Southern
Planter
- Stanwood, Edward A., History of the Presidency
- Stratton, Rev. Joseph B., Memorials of a Quarter Century's
Pastorate
- Stone, A. H., Legal Status of Freedmen in Mississippi
- Stone, A. H., Studies in the American Race Problem
- Storey, M., Charles Sumner
- Thompson, P. H., A History of Negro
Baptists in Mississippi
- Van Tyne, C. H., The American Revolution
- Washington, B. T., The Story of the Negro, Vol. II
- Weathersby, W. H., A History of
Educational Legislation in Mississippi from 1798
- 1860
- Wilson, Woodrow - A History of the
American People
- Wilcox, Walter F., Address, September 6, 1899
- Woodard, D. W., Negro Progress in a
Mississippi Town
- Woodson, Carter G., A Century of Negro Migration
- Weatherford, W. D., The Negro from Africa to America
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ILLUSTRATIONS
VOLUME I
| Author, Portrait of
- Frontispiece |
|
| Mississippi River at
Natchez |
25 |
| View of the
Tombigbee River at Columbus |
25 |
| Nanih
Waiya, the Sacred Mound of the Choctaws, as it
Appeared in 1914. Taken from the West End |
49 |
| Nanih Waiya,
the Sacred Mound of the Choctaws, as it Appeared in
1914. View from East End |
49 |
| Display of Indian
Arrow-Heads and Spear Points from Yazoo County |
59 |
| From a Collection of
Indian Arrow-Heads, Spear Points and Bird Points in
the State Museum |
59 |
| Selected from a
Collection of Indian Pipes Preserved in the
Mississippi Department of Archives and History |
69 |
| Frontispiece and
Title Page of "Atala," By M. de Chateaubriand |
79 |
| Hernando De Soto |
107 |
| Spanish Halbert,
Reputed to Be a Relic of the De Soto Expedition
Through, Mississippi in 1540 |
107 |
| Scenes Along the
Route of De Soto in Tunicia County:
|
|
|
Coldwater River, near the Ford Where De Soto
Crossed |
111 |
|
View of the Border of the Lowlands |
111 |
|
Buck Island Bayou, near the Indian Trail Traveled By
De Soto |
111 |
|
Bluffs Bordering the bottom |
111 |
| Scenes Along the
Route of DeSoto in Tunica county: |
|
|
View of the Mississippi River Near the Point of
discovery |
115 |
|
View of De Soto Mound, Looking from the West |
115 |
|
View of Morass East of the Mounds at Which Were
Located the Indian Villages |
115 |
| Lewis XVI,
King of France, from a Portrait |
123 |
| Robert Cavalier
De La Salle, from a Portrait |
127 |
| La Salle Taking
Possession of Louisiana in the Name of King Louis
XIV, April 9, 1682. From a painting by
T. de Thulstrup |
131 |
| Governor General
Pierre Le Moyne D'Iberville |
137 |
| First Settlement on
Mississippi Soil, Landing of the French Under
d'Iberville, April 8, 1699, at Old Biloxi or Fort
Maurepas |
141 |
| First Colony Biloxi,
Fort Maurepas |
147 |
| Back Bay of Biloxi |
147 |
| Flag of France,
in colors |
165 |
| Portion of De
Lisle's Carte De Louisiana, 1718 |
167 |
| Jean-Baptiste Le
Moyne, Sieur De Bienville II, from a
portrait |
177 |
| Site of Fort
Rosalie, Natchez |
195 |
| John Law of
Lauriston, Founder of the Western Company, from a
Portrait |
201 |
| An Ancient House of
Biloxi, Reputed to Have Been Built Early in the 18th
Century |
207 |
| Old Cannon Taken
from a Vessel Sunk in the Back Bay of Biloxi |
207 |
| Old French Fort,
Near Pascaoula |
213 |
| Flag of England,
in colors |
253 |
| Portion of Map Made
By Lieutenant Ross in 1765 |
257 |
| Town and Fort of
Natchez (1787) |
257 |
| Great Seal of the
British Province of West Flora |
267 |
| Flag of Spain,
in colors |
285 |
| "Concord," the Home
of the Spanish Governors |
299 |
| Key of "Concord" |
299 |
| A Marble Square from
the Floor of "Concord" |
299 |
| Facsimile of a
Memorial to the King of Spain, Dated 1797 |
317 |
| Flag of the United
States, in colors |
337 |
| Winthrop Sargent,
from an Oil Portrait in the Mississippi Hall of Fame |
345 |
| First Page of
Territorial Governor Winthrop Sargent's
Letter Book |
351 |
| Proclamation of
Governor Winthrop Sergeant, 1800 |
357 |
| Form of Military
Commission Issued By the Mississippi Territory in
1801 |
357 |
| Title Page of
"Petition of Cato West and Others" Against the
Administration of Governor Winthrop Sargent |
367 |
| Title Page of
Pamphlet Issued by Gov. Winthrop Sargent in
Defense of His Administration as Governor of the
Mississippi Territory |
367 |
| Two Great Men Lie
Side by Side. tombs of Winthrop Sargent
and Seargeant S. Prentiss |
371 |
| "Windy Hill Manor,"
Natchez, Where Aaron Burr Awaited Trial for
Treason in 1807 |
371 |
| William C. C.
Claiborne, from an Oil Portrait in the
Mississippi Hall of Fame |
377 |
| Jefferson College,
Washington |
387 |
| Gov. Robert
Williams, from an Oil Portrait in the
Mississippi Hall of Fame |
405 |
| Facsimile of the
Order for the Arrest of Aaron Burr |
417 |
| Facsimile of the
Order Directing That Aaron Burr Be Sent to
Washington, D. C. |
417 |
| Facsimile of a
Letter Relative to the Aaron Burr Expedition
to the Mississippi Territory |
423 |
| Facsimile of the
Mississippi Messenger, February 11, 1806 |
429 |
| Title Page of the
"Magistrates' Assistant," Compiled by Judge Harry
Toulmin |
435 |
| Gov. David
Holmes, from an Oil Portrait in the Mississippi
all of Fame |
443 |
| Document from
Silas Dinsmore |
449 |
| Map of Washington,
the Territorial Capital of Mississippi, with
accompanying Document from Silas Dinsmore |
449 |
| Facsimile Signatures
of Governors of Mississippi Territory |
480 |
| Facsimile of the
First Page of the Journal of the Mississippi
Constitutional Convention of 1817 |
487 |
| Facsimile of the
First Page of First Constitution of Mississippi
(1817) |
491 |
| Facsimile of the
Last Pages of the Mississippi Constitution of 1817,
with signatures of the Members of the Constitutional
Convention |
495 |
| Sugar Bowl, Tray and
Candle Snuffers of Gov. George Poindexter |
503 |
| Governor George
Poindexter, from an Oil Portrait in the
Mississippi Hall of Fame |
509 |
| Map Showing the Land
Donated By the United States to the State of
Mississippi for a Seat of Government |
513 |
| Facsimile of
Original Manuscript Map of the City of Jackson as
Made By the Commission Charged With the Duty of
Locating a Capital for the State of Mississippi |
517 |
| First Building in
Jackson and First State Capitol, Northeast Corner of
Capitol and President Streets |
523 |
| Walking Cane
Presented in 1825 by the Marquis De Lafayette to
Gov. Walter Leake of Mississippi |
541 |
| Governor Gerard
Chittocque Brandon, from an Oil Portrait in the
Mississippi Hall of Fame |
543 |
| A Mississippi Bowie
Knife and Sheath |
559 |
| Currency of the
Mississippi and Alabama Railroad Company |
559 |
| Facsimile of the
First Page of the Mississippi Constitution of 1832 |
567 |
| Dr. John W.
Monette, Mississippi Historian |
575 |
| Governor Hiram G.
Runnels, from an Oil Portrait in the Mississippi
Hall of Fame |
581 |
| "Monmouth," Natchez,
the Home of Gov. John A. Quitman |
598 |
| Hon. Jacob
Thompson |
608 |
| The Original
Governor's Mansion, Jackson (1842) |
627 |
| Seargeant Smith
Prentiss, from an Oil Painting in the
Mississippi Hall of Fame |
641 |
| Governor Albert
Gallatin Brown, from an Oil Portrait in the
Mississippi Hall of Fame |
653 |
| Governor John
Anthony Quitman, from an Oil Portrait in the
Mississippi Hall of Fame |
663 |
| Jefferson Davis,
at the Age of Thirty-two Years |
669 |
| Facsimile of Letter
from Colonel Jefferson Davis to Governor A.
G. Brown |
673 |
| "The Briars,"
Natchez, Where Jefferson Davis Was Married in
1845 |
679 |
| "Stanton Hall,"
Natchez |
679 |
| Knapsack Worn by
Senator James Z. George as a Soldier in the
War With Mexico |
685 |
| Bullet Pouch Worn by
Charles H. Gibbs at the Battle of Buena Vista |
685 |
| Sword Presented by
Col. Jefferson Davis to John Holt, a Private
in the First Mississippi Volunteers, War With
Mexico, for Gallantry in Action |
685 |
| The Famous
"Mississippi Rifle" With Which the First Mississippi
Volunteers in the War With Mexico Under the Command
of Col. Jefferson Davis Were Armed |
685 |
| Saddle Blanket and
Bags of General Valencia, a Mexican General,
Captured by a Young American Officer During the War
With Mexico, and Presented to Gen. John A.
Quitman |
685 |
| Senator Robert J.
Walker |
689 |
| Governor Joseph
W. Matthews, from an Oil Portrait in the
Mississippi Hall of Fame |
695 |
| Central Rotunda
Under the Dome, New Capitol |
703 |
| Ante Bellum Home,
Columbus |
725 |
| Home of Gov. John
I. Guion, at the Northwest Corner of Capitol and
West Streets, Jackson |
725 |
| Governor John
Isaac Guion, from an Oil Portrait in the
Mississippi Hall of Fame |
731 |
| Governor James
Whitfield, from an Oil Portrait in the
Mississippi Hall of Fame |
735 |
| Governor Henry
Stuart Foote, from an Oil Portrait in the
Mississippi Hall of Fame |
739 |
| Governor John J.
McRae, from an Oil Portrait in the Mississippi
Hall of Fame |
743 |
| A Type of the Young
Mississippi Woman of 1850. From "Dem Good Ole
Times," by Mrs. James H. Dooley, illustrated
by Suzanne Gutherz |
751 |
| Senator L. Q. C.
Lamar, at Thirty-Seven Years of Age |
755 |
| "Kirkwood," Madison
County. The Ante-Bellum Home of Governor
William McWillie |
761 |
| Governor William
McWillie, from an Oil Portrait in the
Mississippi Hall of Fame |
765 |
| Governor John J.
Pettus, from an Oil Portrait in the Mississippi
Hall of Fame |
769 |
| A Type of the
Mississippi Woman, 1820-1860. From "Dem Good
Ole Times," by Mrs. James H. Dooley,
Illustrated by Suzanne Gutherz |
775 |
| Magnolia State Fllat,
in colors |
776 |
| Facsimile of "An
Ordinance to Dissolve the Union Between the State of
Mississippi and the Other States United With Her
Under the Compact Entitled The Constitution of the
United States" |
779 |
| "Bonnie Blue" Flag,
in colors |
784 |
| Colonel William
S. Barry |
787 |
| Flag of the
Confederacy, in colors |
790 |
| An Officer of the
Confederate States Army |
793 |
| An Infantryman of
the Confederate States Army |
793 |
| A Cavalryman of the
Confederate States Army |
793 |
| Battle Flag of
Eighteenth Mississippi Regiment of Infantry, C. S.
A. |
797 |
| Battle Flag of the
Nineteenth Mississippi Regiment of Infantry, C. S.
A. |
797 |
| Currency of the
State of Mississippi Issued During the Confederate
Period. The Portrait is that of Governor J.
J. Pettus |
801 |
| Bracelet, Watch
Charm, and Ring Made By a Mississippi Confederate
Officer While a Prisoner at Fort Delaware |
807 |
| Flag of the
Fifteenth Mississippi Regiment of Infantry, C. S. A. |
807 |
| Governor Charles
Clark, from an Oil Portrait in the Mississippi
Hall of Fame |
813 |
| Capitols in 1863-64.
1, Courthouse, Columbus; 2, Calhoun Institute,
Macon; 3, Church, Columbus |
821 |
| Confederate States
Bond, of August 20, 1862 |
827 |
| Mississippi Bond of
February 20, 1865 |
833 |
| Jefferson Davis
and His Generals |
841 |
| Brig.-Gen. W. L.
Brandon |
849 |
| Brig.-Gen.
Douglas H. Cooper |
849 |
| Brig.-Gen. B. G.
Humphreys |
849 |
| Brig.-Gen.
William Barksdale |
849 |
| Brig.-Gen. M. P.
Lowrey |
849 |
| Brig.-Gen.
W. S. Featherston |
849 |
| Brig.-Gen.
Samuel Benton |
849 |
| Brig.-Gen.
Wirt Adams |
849 |
| Brig.-Gen.
J. R. Davis |
849 |
| Dress Sword of Col.
L. Q. C. Lamar, of the Nineteenth Regiment of
Mississippi Infantry, C. S. A. |
859 |
| Pistol and Holster
Worn by Col. Robert A. Smith When Mortally
Wounded at the Battle of Munfordsville |
859 |
| Lee's Headquarters
at the Junction of Plank Road and Welford's Furnace
Road, Chancellorsville, Virginia |
859 |
| Battle Flag of
Fourth Mississippi Regiment of Infantry, C. S. A. |
869 |
| Flag of Duncan
Rifles, Third Battalion of Mississippi Infantry, C.
S. A. |
869 |
VOLUME II -
VOLUME I
CONTENTS
| |
|
|
CHAPTER XXIII - ARMIES OF TENNESSEE
AND NORTHERN VIRGINIA |
11 |
| |
-
Mississippi in the Army of Tennessee
- The Battle of Shiloh-Chalmers' Brigade
- Mississippi Horsemen and Gunners
- Breckinridges Reserve Corps
- Death of Albert Sidney Johnston
- Caring for the Wounded in Battle
- General Call to the Confederate Colors
- The Battle of Murfreesboro
- General Chalmers Badly Wounded
- Chickamauga
- Siege and Battle of Chattanooga
- Georgia Campaign of 1864
- Final Actions of Army of Tennessee
- Battle of First Manassas
- "Enlisted for the War"
- The Sixteenth with Stonewall Jackson
- The Peninsula Campaign
- Sharpsburg and Fredericksburg
- General Lee Invades the North
- Mississippi at Gettysburg
- Barksdale's Brigade
- Picketts Charge
- Humphreys' Brigade with Army of Tennessee
- Closing Actions of the War
- Devotion of Mississippi Women |
|
|
CHAPTER XXIV - MISSISSIPPI OFFICERS,
ORGANIZATIONS AND MEN |
68 |
| |
-
List of General Officers
- List of Regiments and Battalions
- Roster of Mississippi Soldiers, Army of Northern Virginia, Paroled at
Appomattox |
|
|
CHAPTER XXV - CONDITIONS IN
MISSISSIPPI AFTER THE WAR |
105 |
| |
-
Mississippi's Fight for Home Rule
- Judge Sharkey Appointed Provisional Governor
- Sharkey's Administration
- Secession Ordinance Declared Null and Void
- Ante-Election Issues in Mississippi
- Election of General Humphreys
- Legislature of October 16 - December 6, 1865
- A Dual-Headed Government
- Two United States Senators Elected
- The Black Code of 1865
- The Thirteenth Amendment Rejected
- Bitter Fight Between Republican Politicians
- Parting of the Ways
- Action By Congress on Presidential Vetoes
- Home Affairs Preceding Legislative Session, 1866 - 67
- Martial Law Not Lifted
- Fourteenth Amendment Passes Congress
- The Legislature of October 15, '66-February 21, '67
- Request for the Release of Jefferson Davis from
Imprisonment
- Passage of the Reconstruction Acts
- Effects of Reconstruction Acts in Mississippi
- Majority of Negro Registrants
- Negro Vote Handled Through Loyal League
- Upon the Eve of the Convention
- Political Divisions
- Constitutional Convention of 1868
- First Rejection of the Constitution
- Governor Humphreys Forced from Office by the Military Arm
- Governor Humphreys' Family Ejected From the Mansion
- The Ames Provisional Administration
- Resubmission of the Constitution
- Admission of Mississippi's United Stats Senators |
|
|
CHAPTER XXVI - RECONSTRUCTION
CONTINUED |
159 |
| |
-
Governor Alcorn Accepts The Situation
- Plans Too Large For Treasury
- First Financial Year of the "New Order"
- The Legislature of 1871
- Governor Alcorn Abandons the Field
- Racial Disorders of 1871
- The Meridian Riot of March 6, 1871
- The Enforcement Act
- The Close of the Year 1871
- The Inauguration of the Powers Administration
- Republican Rule Continued
- The General Elections of 1872
- Secretaryship of State Monopolized by Negroes
- The Ames-Alcorn Contest for Governor
- State Finances Under Negro Rule
- First Year of the Ames Administration
- Rebellion Against Misrule
- The The Vicksburg Riots of December, 1874
- Special Session of the Legislature
- The Taxpayers' Convention of 1875
- Response of Governor and Legislature
- The State Democracy Again in Action
- Political and Race Disorders
- The Election of November, 1875
- The Fall of Radical Republicanism
- Proceedings Making John M. Stone Governor. |
|
|
CHAPTER XXVII - DEMOCRATS IN
CONTROL |
206 |
| |
-
First Steps in True Reconstruction
- The Finances of 1876
- Elections of 1876
- Mississippi at the Centennial Exposition
- The Legislature of 1877
- State Board of Health Organized
- The Democrats Unimpeded
- Legislative Session of 1878
- Last Scourge of Yellow Fever
- Elections of 1879 and 1880
- The Levee System
- Last of Governor Stone's Administration
- Governor Lowry Inaugurated
- Finances of 1882
- Industrial Growth
- The Session of 1884
- Abuses of the Convict System
- Railroad Commission Created
- Last Visit of Jefferson Davis to the State's Capital
- Events of 1884 and 1885
- Mississippi at the New Orleans Exposition
- Temperance and Education Prominent
- Close of Lowry's Second Administration
- In Gratitude to the Maimed and Dead
- Better Treatment for Convicts
- Death of Jefferson Davis
- Good Outlook for 1890 |
|
|
CHAPTER XXVIII - JOHN M. STONE'S
LAST TERM AS GOVERNOR |
|
| |
-
Last Term of John M. Stone
- Millsaps College Founded
- Mississippi Historical Society Incorporated
- The Constitutional Convention of 1890
- Two Leaders, Not Democrats
- The Reasons for the Convention
- The Great Problem Before the Convention
- The Constitution Adopted as a Whole
- Ordinances Adopted by the Convention
- Code of 1892
- Death of Lamar
- State Issue of Fiat Money
- Suggested Reforms in the Laws
- Adoption of State Flag and Coat-of-Arms
- Honors for Anselm J. McLaurin
- State Finances Not Encouraging
- McLaurin Assumes Governorship
- The Passing of Senators George and Walthall
- War With Spain, 1898
- Railroad Exemption From Taxes Repealed
- Recommends Popular Election of United States Senators
- The Election of 1899
- Financial Outlook Brighter
- Literary Activates in Mississippi |
|
|
CHAPTER XXIX - A NEW GENERATION |
279 |
| |
-
Inauguration of the Longino Administration
- The New Capitol
- Election for Congressmen and Constitutional Amendments
- Creation of the Mississippi Department of Archives and History
- State Insurance Department Created
- Adopted of the Magnolia as State Flower
- Extension of Convict Farm System
- Beginning of the Oyster Dispute
- Good Roads Movement
- Governor Longino Encouraged
- Passage of Primary Election Law
- Constitutionality of the Law Vindicated
- The Primary Elections of 1903
- Epitome of the Longino Administration
- Gov. James K. Vardaman Inaugurated in the New Capitol
- Legislation of 1904
- Creation of Text Book Commission
- The Beauvoir Confederate Home
- Yellow Fever Exterminated in Mississippi
- The Penitentiary Farms
- Boundary Decision Against Mississippi
- Laws Passed in 1906
- Penitentiary System Reformed
- Vardaman Defeated for United States Senator by Williams
- Edmond F. Noel Chose for Governor
- Social Conditions in Mississippi |
|
|
CHAPTER XXX - EIGHT CONSTRUCTIVE
YEARS |
315 |
| |
-
The Noel Administration
- Encouragement of Agriculture and Live Stock
- Death of Gen. Stephen D. Lee
- Death of Bishop Charles B. Galloway
- Leroy Percy Succeeds United
States Senator McLaurin
- Establishment of Agricultural High
Schools in the State
- Other Encouragements for Rural Development
- A State Pure Food Law Enacted
- Trustees of the State Charity Hospital
- Earl Leroy Brewer Elected Governor
- The 1912 Legislature
- Preserving the Old State Capitol
- Guaranteeing Bank Deposits
- Administrative and Executive Development
- Elections of 1914
- Elections of 1915 |
|
|
CHAPTER XXXI - A CENTURY OF
STATEHOOD |
345 |
| |
-
Inauguration of T. G. Bilbo
- Educational Reforms By the Legislature
- New State Charities
- Final Action on Preservation of the Old Capitol
- State Tax Commission Created
- Special Session of 1917
- Legislation of 1918
- Departmental Matters
- Election of Byron Patton Harrison to the U. S. Senate
- Lee M. Russell Elected Governor
- Constitutional Amendment Regarding School Funds
- The People of Mississippi in 1920
- Facts Taken From the Fourteenth Census
- Urban and Rural Population
- Population of Corporations Above 2,500 People
- Population of Mississippi, 1800-1920
- Analysis of the State's Population |
|
|
CHAPTER XXXII - MISSISSIPPI IN THE
WORLD WAR |
363 |
| |
-
Mississippi Troops on the Mexican Border
- The Regiment Held for War
- Becomes the 155th Infantry
- Overseas Duties Absorb Regiment
- Effacement of State Lines
- Letters from the Front
- "Heroes All"
- Mississippi's Home Service During the War
- General Officers from Mississippi
- Mississippi Centennial Poem
- 1817 - 1917 |
|
|
CHAPTER XXXIII - STATE AFFAIRS,
1920 - 1924 |
394 |
| |
-
Lee M. Russell Inaugurated Governor
- Primaries and General Election, 1920
- Two Constitutional Amendments Adopted
- John Sharp Williams Retires From the U. S. Senate
- United States Senator Hubert D. Stephens
- The Campaign of 1923
- Legislation of 1920-24
- Governor Whitfield's Inaugural
- Financial, Industrial, and Economic Reforms
- Mississippi Governors in Succession |
|
|
CHAPTER XXXIV - MISSISSIPPI IN
CONGRESS |
420 |
| |
-
Mississippi's First Senators, Walter Leake
and Thomas H. Williams, December 11, 1817
- Senatorial Contest of 1829
- George Poindexter and Robert J. Walker
- Senators 1829-1847
- Jefferson Davis, the Hero of Buena Vista, Senator From
Mississippi
- Senators 1850-1861
- Resignation of Senators Davis and Brown
- The Confederate Reconstruction Periods
- L. Q. C. Lamar, Edward Cary Walthall, James Z. George
- Senators 1880-1925
- John Sharp Williams
- Pat Harrison
- Mississippi Congressmen
- George Poindexter, First Congressman, December 11, 1817
- Prentiss and Word
- Claiborne and Gholson
- Congressmen 1817-1925 |
|
|
CHAPTER XXXV - THE JUDICIARY OF
MISSISSIPPI |
440 |
| |
-
The Pioneer Territorial Judges
- First Judicial Systems
- Judicial System Taking Shape
- Changes in System up to the Time of Statehood
- Territorial Judges of Mississippi, 1798-1817
- First Judiciary of the State
- The First State Supreme Court
- Supreme Judges of the State of Mississippi, 1818-1832
- High Court of Errors and Appeals, 1833-1870
- Supreme Court, 1870-1925
- Judges of the Supreme Court of Mississippi, 1870-1925
- Circuit Judges, 1833-1925
- Chancellors, 1870-1925
- The Superior Court of Chancery, 1821-1857
- Personnel of the Superior Court of Chancery |
|
|
CHAPTER XXXVI - EDUCATION IN
MISSISSIPPI |
469 |
| |
-
Before and In Territorial Times
- Pioneer Academies of the State Period
- Mississippi's Educational System
- Public Education Up to 1845
- Founding of the State University
- The First Common School "System"
- Schools for Defectives
- Educational Interregnum Caused By War
- The Reconstruction Period
- The State University Before and During the War
- The University Since the War
- Mississippi State College for Women
- The Agricultural and Mechanical College
- The Alcorn A. & M. College
- The System Under the Constitution of 1890
- Schools For Defectives Recently Established
- State Educational Institutions
- The Denominational Colleges
- Junior colleges and Academies
- Colleges and Institutes for Negroes
- Present Public School Conditions
- High Schools and Education of Negroes |
|
|
CHAPTER XXXVII - INDUSTRIAL
MISSISSIPPI |
508 |
| |
-
Comparative Importance of the Industries
- Agriculture in the Eighteenth Century
- Tobacco, Mississippi's First Commercial Staple
- Raising of Indigo Plant for Dye Stuffs
- Cotton Becomes King
- Whitney's Gin Introduced
- The Basis of Mississippi Cotton
- The Cultivation of Corn
- Inauguration of Scientific Farming
- Agricultural Progress Since the War For Southern Independence
- The Decade 1900-1910
- Statistical Survey, 1850=1920
- Explanation of Census Terms
- Acreage, Production and Value of the Leading Crops
- The Farmers, White and Negro
- Artificial Drainage
- Drainage Enterprises
- Drainage on Farms
- The Operating System of Artificial Drainage
- Drainage Legislation
- Live Stock in Mississippi
- Live Stock Products and Sales
- Industrial Mississippi, 1799-1900
- Industrial Progress for Twenty Years
|
|
|
CHAPTER XXXVIII - TRANSPORTATION
IN MISSISSIPPI |
549 |
| |
-
Mississippi River Travel
- Steaming Up the Mississippi
- First Western Passenger Steamer
- Railroad Pioneering in Mississippi
- Longest Chartered Railroad in the United States
- Great Railroad Development Since the '80s
- The Illinois Central System
- Yazoo and Mississippi Valley Railroad Company the Southern Railway
System
- The Mobile and Ohio Railroad Company
- Gulf, Mobile and Northern Railroad
- Kansas City, Memphis and Birmingham Railroad
- The Alabama and Vicksburg Railway Company
- Gulf and Ship Island and Railroad Company
- The Mississippi Central Railroad
- The Louisville and Nashville System in Mississippi
- The New Orleans Great Northern
- Minor Lines
- The Highways of the State
- Why The Department was Created
- The Available Funds
- Mississippi's Highway System |
|
|
CHAPTER XXXIX - BANKS, BANKING AND
STATE FINANCES |
571 |
| |
-
State Regulation of Banks
- Present Banking and Existing Banks
- Mississippi Banks by Towns and Cities
- Status of the Leading Banks
- The Debt of the State From 1865 to 1900
- Bonded Indebtedness Covering the Past Twenty Years |
|
|
CHAPTER XL - MISSISSIPPI HIGHER
ACTIVITIES |
588 |
| |
-
Early Catholic Missions
- Early Baptist Missions
- The Episcopal Church
- The Methodists of Mississippi
- Lorenzo Dow Deeds First Protestant Church Lot
- Historic Sunday School at Natchez
- The State Furnishes Three Bishops
- The Presbyterians in Mississippi
- Formation of Mississippi Presbytery
- The Cumberland Presbyterian Church
- The Christian Church
- Present Status of the Churches
- Public Charities
- Mississippi as a Leader in Reforms
- Modern Social Tendencies
- Good Society Still in Mississippi |
|
|
CHAPTER XLI - THE MISSISSIPPI
PRESS |
613 |
| |
-
Birth of the Mississippi Press
- Andrw Marschalk and B. M. Stokes, Pioneers
- The Mississippi Gazette and Other Newspapers of Natchez
- Marschalk, Peter Isler and Richard C. Langdon, First
Public Printers of Territory and State.
- Newspapers Established Outside of Natchez and Washington, Pioneer
Capitals
- Leading Early Newspapers Classified Politically
- Early Jackson Press
- War Trials for Mississippi Newspapers
- The Revival
- Oldest Existing Newspapers
- Four Great Editors
- Mississippi Newspapers on File in the State Historical Department,
Published 1830-1840; 1840-1850; 1850-1860
- Present Newspapers of Mississippi |
|
|
CHAPTER XLII - SLAVERY IN
MISSISSIPPI - THE NEGRO IN 1924 |
628 |
| |
-
Slavery Among the French and Spanish
- American Opposition to the Institution
- Mississippi Territory Recognizes Problem
- The State of Mississippi and Slavery
- Abolition Arises as a Political Issue
- Opposition to Slave Traffic Increases
- Rising Tide of Pro-Slavery Sentiment
- Slavery as Practiced in Mississippi
- Attitude Toward Slavery After the War
- Negroes of the South During the War
- The Negro in Mississippi in 1924 |
|
|
CHAPTER XLIII - RACIAL INFLUENCES |
657 |
| |
-
Early Population of the Gulf Coast Regon of
Mississippi
- The French Pioneers of Interior America
- Upper and Lower Mississippi United
- Providing the French With Wives
- Importation of African Slaves
- Termination of French Rule
- Racial Mixtures Under English Dominion
- Immigration Under Spanish Rule
- American Centers and Sources of Moulding Forces
- Mississippi Populaton 1850-1860 |
|
|
CHAPTER XLIV - THE COUNTIES OF
MISSISSIPPI - ADAM CLAIBORNE |
673 |
| |
-
Historical Division
- Counties of the Old Natchez District
- Counties of First Choctaw Cession
- District of Mobile Counties
- County Division of First Chickasaw Cession
- The New Purchase Erected into Counties
- Counties Formed From Remaining Choctaw Lands
- Remainder of Chickasaw Lands Formed Into Counties
- The Counties of Mississippi; Their Early History and Organization,
Cities, Towns, and Villages, Water Courses and
Railroads, Development in Population, Agriculture,
and Manufactures:
- Adams County
- Alcorn County
- Amite County
- Attala County
- Benton County
- Bolivar County
- Calhoun County
- Carroll County
- Chickasaw County
- Choctaw County
- Claiborne County |
|
|
CHAPTER XLV - THE COUNTIES OF
MISSISSIPPI - CLARK - HARRISON |
705 |
| |
-
Early History and Organization, Cities, Towns, and
Villages, Water Courses and Railroads, Development
in Population, Agriculture and Manufactures;
- Clarke County
- Clay County
- Coahoma County
- Copiah County
- Covington County
- De Soto County
- Forrest County
- Franklin County
- George County
- Greene County
- Grenada County
- Hancock County
- Harrison County |
|
|
CHAPTER XLVI - THE COUNTIES OF
MISSISSIPPI - Hinds - Marion |
734 |
| |
-
Early History and Organizations, Cities, Towns, and
Villages, Water Courses and Railroads, Development
in Population, Agriculture, and Manufactures:
- Hinds County
- Holmes County
- Humphreys County
- Issaquena County
- Itawamba County
- Jackson County
- Jasper County
- Jefferson County
- Jefferson Davis County
- Jones County
- Kemper County
- Lafayette County
- Lamar County
- Lauderdale County
- Lawrence County
- Leake County
- Lee County
- LeFlore County
- Lincoln County
- Lowndes County
- Madison County
- Marion County |
|
|
CHAPTER XLVII - THE COUNTIES OF
MISSISSIPPI - MARSHALL - SUNFLOWER |
787 |
| |
-
Early history and Organization, Cities, Towns, and
Villages, Water Courses and Railroads, Development
in Population, Agriculture and Manufactures:
- Marshall County
- Monroe County
- Montgomery County
- Neshoba County
- Newton County
- Noxubee County
- Oktibbeha County
- Panola County
- Pearl River County
- Perry County
- Pike County
- Pontotoc County
- Prentiss County
- Quitman County
- Rankin County
- Scott County
- Sharkey County
- Simpson County
- Smith County
- Stone County
- Sunflower County |
|
|
CHAPTER XLVIII - THE COUNTIES OF
MISSISSIPPI - TALLAHATCHIE - YAZOO |
89 |
| |
-
Early History and Organization, Cities, Towns, and
Villages, Water Courses and Railroads, Development
in Population, Agriculture, and Manufactures:
- Tallahatchie County
- Tate County
- Tippah County
- Tishomingo County
- Tunica County
- Union County
- Wayne County
- Webster County
- Wilkinson County
- Winston County
- Yalobusha County
- Yazoo County |
|
ILLUSTRATIONS
VOLUME II
| Coat of Arms of
Mississippi, in colors - Frontispiece |
|
| Maj.-Gen. W. H.
C. Whiting |
13 |
| Brig.-Gen. James
A. Smith |
13 |
| Brig.-Gen. Carnot
Posey |
13 |
| Brig.-Gen. Robert
Lowry |
13 |
| Brig.-Gen. J. H.
Sharp |
13 |
| Brig.-Gen. Peter
B. Starke |
13 |
| Brig.-Gen.
Charles Clark |
13 |
| Brig.-Gen. S. W.
Ferguson |
13 |
| Maj.-Gen. E. C.
Walthall |
25 |
| Brig.-Gen. W. F.
Tucker |
25 |
| Brig.-Gen. W. F.
Brantley |
25 |
| Brig.-Gen. W. E.
Baldwin |
25 |
| Brig.-Gen. S. J.
Gholson |
25 |
| Maj.-Gen. W. T.
Martin |
25 |
| Knife and Fork Used
on the Confederate Battleship "Alabama," Commanded
by Admiral Raphael Semmes |
37 |
| Sword Worn by Gen.
W. S. Featerston During the War for Southern
Independence |
37 |
| Battle Flag of the
Second Mississippip Regiment of Infantry, C. S. A. |
37 |
| The Crater,
Petersburg, Virginia |
49 |
| Devil's Den,
Gettysburg, Pennsylvania |
57 |
| Cemetery Hill from
Little Round Top, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania |
57 |
| Maj.-Gen. Earl
Van Dorn |
69 |
| Brig.-Gen.
Richard Griffith |
69 |
| Maj.-Gen. S. G.
French |
69 |
| Brig.-Gen. N. H.
Harris |
69 |
| Brig.-Gen. J. R.
Chalmers |
69 |
| Brig.-Gen. C. W.
Sears |
69 |
| Battle Flag of the
Tenth Mississippi Regiment of Infantry, C. S. A. |
79 |
| Governor William
Lewis Sharkey |
107 |
| Governor Benjamin
G. Humphreys |
117 |
| Title Page of "The
Imitation of Christ" |
135 |
| Governor James
Lusk Alcorn |
161 |
| Episcopal Church,
Natchez |
205 |
| Gen. Stephen Dill
Lee |
211 |
| Governor Robert
Lowery |
221 |
| Mississippi State
College for Women, Columbus |
227 |
| Colonel J. F. H.
Claiborne |
233 |
| Cane of Jefferson
Davis, Made from the Mount Vernon Oak |
240 |
| Governor John
Marshall Stone |
243 |
| Old State Capitol,
1839-1903 |
249 |
| Senator L. Q. C.
Lamar |
257 |
| Senator Edward
Cary Walthall |
263 |
| Senator James Z.
George |
267 |
| Confederate
Monument, Jackson |
273 |
| Flag of Mississippi,
in colors |
279 |
| The New Capitol of
Mississippi |
281 |
| Front of the
Mississippi State Capitol, Showing Tympanum |
287 |
| Section of the
Mississippi Hall of Fame |
287 |
| Section of the State
Museum, Showing Flags and Mementoes of the War for
Southern Independence, with the Mississippi Hall of
Fame in the Distance |
291 |
| Jefferson Davis
Beauvoir Memorial Home for Mississippi
Confederate Soldiers |
303 |
| Monument Erected in
Honor of the Women of the Confederacy, on the
Capitol Grounds, Jackson |
317 |
| East End of Capitol |
317 |
| Display Cases
Showing Collection of Indian Antiquities |
323 |
| Facsimile of Bronze
Tablet Presented by Colonial Dames of Mississippi,
February 22, 1911 |
327 |
| Main Building, State
Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, Jackson, 1904 |
333 |
| Senate Chamber and
House of Representatives, Old Capitol, Jackson
(Before Restoration) |
339 |
| Detail of Dome, Old
Capitol |
347 |
| Detail of the House
of Representatives Chamber, Old Capitol |
347 |
| Detail of the State
Library, Old Capitol |
347 |
| Stairway, Old
Capitol, Leading to the Third Floor |
347 |
| Magnolia, State
Flower, in colors |
363 |
| Maj.-Gen. H. P.
McCain |
365 |
| Brig.-Gen. Fox
Conner |
365 |
| Brig.-Gen. John
W. Heard |
365 |
| East Mississippi
Hospital for the Insane, Meridian, 1904 |
395 |
| Senator John
Sharp Williams |
401 |
| Jefferson Davis
Monument at Fairview, Kentucky, His Birthplace |
405 |
| Facsimile of a
Letter from Jefferson Davis to G. T.
Beauregard |
410, 411 |
| The Sword, Scabbard
and Belt Worn by Gen. William Barksdale When
He Was Killed at Gettysburg |
417 |
| Sudley Springs, Bull
Run, Virginia, Where Mississippi Troops Were Engaged |
417 |
| Main Entrance to
Capitol |
421 |
| Senator Hernando
DeSoto Money |
429 |
| Dr. Richard
Watson Jones |
471 |
| Gen. Stephen Dill
Lee |
471 |
| Dr. Robert
Burwell Fulton |
471 |
| Hon. James Rhea
Preston |
471 |
| State Institution
for the Blind, Jackson, 1902 |
477 |
| Pioneer Buildling of
the University of Mississippi, Oxford (1848) |
483 |
| Music Hall -
Mississippi State College for Women |
489 |
| The Cotton Plant,
in colors |
508 |
| Naval Reserve Park,
Biloxi |
513 |
| A Productive Tomato
Field, Crystal Springs |
519 |
| Harvesting Corn |
519 |
| Great Forage Plant
of Mississippi. Lespedeza, or Japanese Clover |
527 |
| Mississippi Pecan
Grove |
535 |
| Alfalfa Field in
Noxubee County, Northeast Mississippi |
535 |
| Mississippi
Long-Leaf Pines |
543 |
| Mississippi Forest
of Long-Leaf Pine |
543 |
| Beauvoir, Last Home
of Jeffeson Davis |
551 |
| Benachie Avenue,
Biloxi, with the Gulf of Mexico in the Distance |
565 |
| Stock Certificate of
First Bank Established in Mississippi At Natchez in
1809 |
573 |
| The Heart of
Jackson, Showing the Governor's Mansion in the
Foreground, Smith Park in the Center, and the State
Capitol in the Background |
591 |
| Alcorn A. & M.
College for Negroes - Chapel Buildilng |
653 |
| Map of Mississippi
Territory, 1809 |
675 |
| "Arlington," Natchex |
681 |
| "Malmaison," Carroll
County, Home of Greenwood Leflore,
Built 1854 |
681 |
| The Classic City
Hall of Jackson |
735 |
| Lauren Rogers
Libary, Laurel |
755 |
| Street Scene, Laurel |
755 |
| City Hall, Meridian |
763 |
| Map of Mississippi,
1832 |
775 |
| Ante-Bellum Home,
Holly Springs |
789 |
| Biloxi Lighthouse,
Built in 1848 |
789 |
| Map of Mississippi,
1842 |
801 |
| Map of Mississippi,
1872 |
831 |
. |
