STILL'S
UNDERGROUND RAIL ROAD RECORDS,
REVISED EDITION.
(Previously Published in 1879 with title: The Underground Railroad)
WITH A LIFE OF THE AUTHOR.
NARRATING
THE HARDSHIPS, HAIRBREADTH ESCAPES AND DEATH STRUGGLES
OF THE
SLAVES
IN THEIR EFFORTS FOR FREEDOM.
TOGETHER WITH
SKETCHES OF SOME OF THE EMINENT FRIENDS OF FREEDOM, AND
MOST LIBERAL AIDERS AND ADVISERS OF THE ROAD
BY
WILLIAM STILL,
For many years connected with the Anti-Slavery Office in Philadelphia, and Chairman of the Acting
Vigilant Committee of the Philadelphia Branch of the Underground Rail Road.

Illustrated with 70 Fine Engravings by Bensell, Schell and Others,
and Portraits from Photographs from Life.

Thou shalt not deliver unto his master the servant that has escaped from his master unto thee. - Deut. xxiii 16.

SOLD ONLY BY SUBSCRIPTION.

PHILADELPHIA:
WILLIAM STILL, PUBLISHER
244 SOUTH TWELFTH STREET.
1886

pp. 223 - 254

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FROM VIRGINIA, MARYLAND, DELAWARE, NORTH CAROLINA, WASHINGTON, D. C., AND SOUTH CAROLINA

JAMES BURRELL, DANIEL WIGGINS, WM. ROBINSON, EDWARD PEADEN, AND WIFE, ALEX. BOGGS, SAMUEL SLATER, HARRISON BELL AND DAUGHTER, HARRIET ANN, DANIEL DAVIS, alias DAVID SMITH, JAMES STEWART, alias WILLIAM JACKSON, HARRIET HALEY, alias ANN RICHARDSON, ELIZABETH HALEY, alias SARAH RICHARDSON, BENJ. DUNCANS, alias GEORGE SCOTT, MOSES WINES, SARAH SMITH, alias MILDRETH PAGE, LUCY GARRET, alias JULIA WOOD, ELLEN FORMAN, alias ELIZABETH YOUNG, WM. WOODEN, alias WM. NELSON, JAMES EDWARD HANDY, alias DENNIS CANNON, JAMES HENRY DELANY alias SMART STANLEY, JAMES HENRY BLACKSON, GEORGE FREELAND, MILES WHITE, LOUISA CLAYTON, LEWIS SNOWDEN alias LEWIS WILLIAMS, WM. JOHNSON, JOHN HALL alias JOHN SIMPSON.

     In order to keep this volume within due limits, in the cases to be noticed in this chapter it will be impossible to state more than a few of the interesting particulars that make up these narratives.  While some of these passengers might not have been made in the prison house to drink of the bitter cup as often as others, and in their flight might not have been called upon to pass through as severe perils as fell to the lot of others, nevertheless

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     * Johnson was an unfortunate young fugitive, who, while escaping, beheld his master or pursuer in the cars, and jumped therefrom, crushing his feet shockingly by the bold act.

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justice sees to require, that, as far as possible, all the passengers passing over the Philadelphia Underground Rail Road shall be noticed.

     JAMES BURRELL.  James was certainly justifiable in making his escape, if for no other reason than on the score of being nearly related to the chivalry of the South.  He was a mulatto (the son of a white man evidently), about thirty-two years of age, medium size, and of an agreeable appearance.  He was owned by a maiden lady, who lived at Williamsburg, but not requiring his services in her own family, she hired him out by the year to a Mr. John Walker, a manufacturer of tobacco, for which she received $120 annually.  This arrangement was not satisfactory to James. he could not see why he should be compelled to wear the yoke like an ox.  The more he thought over his condition, the more unhappy was his lot, until as last he concluded, that he could not stand Slavery any longer.  He had witnessed a great deal of the hardships of the system of Slavery, and he had quite enough intelligence to portray the horrors thereof in very vivid colors.  It was the auction-block horror that first prompted him to seek freedom.  While thinking how he would manage to get away safely, his wife and children were ever present in his mind.  He felt as a husband should towards his "wife Betsy," and likewise loved his "children, Walter and Mary;" but these belonged to another man, who lived some distance in the country, where he had permission to see them only once a week.  This had its pleasure, it also had its painful influence.  The weekly parties were a never-failing source of unhappiness.  So when James' mind was fully made up to escape from Slavery, he decided that it would not be best to break the secret to his poor wife and children, but to get off to Canada, and afterwards to try and see what he could do for their deliverance.  The hour fixed to leave Virginia arrived, and he started and succeeded in reaching Philadelphia, and the Committee.  On arriving he needed medicine, clothing, food, and a carriage for his accommodation, all which were furnished freely by the Committee, and he was duly forwarded to Canada.  From Canada, with his name changed, he wrote as follows:

     SIR, MR. STILL - It does me pleasure to forward you this letter hopeing when this comes to hand it may find your family well, as they leaves me at present.  I will also say that the friends are well.  Allow me to say to you that I arrived in this place on Friday last safe and sound, and feeles well under my safe arrival.  Its true that I have not been employed as yet but I lives hopes to be at work very shortly.  I likes this city very well, and I am in hopes that there a living here for me as much so as there for any one else.  You will be please to write.  I am bording at Mr. Phillip's Centre Street.
     I have nothing more at present.  Yours most respectfull.            W. BOURAL.

     DANIEL WIGGINS, alias DANIEL ROBINSON.  Daniel fled from Norfolk, VA., where he had been owned by the late Richard Scott.  Only a few days before Daniel escaped, his so-called owner was summoned to his last account.

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     While ill, just before the close of his career, he often promised D. his freedom and also promised, if restored, that he would make amends for the past, by changing his ways of living.  His son, who was very reckless, he would frequently allude to and declared, "that he," the son, "should not have his 'property.' "  These dying sentiments filled Daniel with great hopes that the day of his enslavement was nearly at an end.  Unfortunately, however, death visited the old master, ere he had made provision for his slaves.  At all events, no will was found.  That he might not fall a prey to the reckless son, he felt, that he must nerve himself for a desperate struggle to obtain his freedom in some other way, by traveling on the Underground Rail Road.  While he had always been debarred from book learning, he was, nevertheless, a man of some intelligence, and by trade was a practical Corker.
     He was called upon in his trying hour to leave his wife with three children, but they were, fortunately, free.  Coming to the Committee in want, they cheerfully aided him, and forwarded him on to Canada.  Thence, immediately on his arrival, he returned the following grateful letter:

     DEAR SIR: - I am happy to inform you that I arrived in this place this morning well and cheerful.  I am, sir, to you and others under more obligations for your kindly protection of me than I can in any way express at present.  May the Lord preserve you unto the eternal life.  Remember my respects to Mr. Lundy and family.  Should the boat lay up please let me know.
                                                      Yours respectfully,           DAVID ROBINSON
     Please forward to Dr. H. Lundy, after you have gotten through.  With respects, &c.   D. R.

     WM. ROBINSON, alias THOS. HARRED.  William gave satisfactory evidence, at first sight, that he was opposed to the unrequited labor system in toto, and een hated still more the flogging practices of the chivalry.  Although he had reached his twenty-eighth year, and was a truly fair specimen of his race, considering his opportunities, a few days before William left, the overseer on the plantation attempted to flog him, but did not succeed.  William's manhood was aroused, and he flogged the overseer soundly, if what he averred was true.  The name of William's owner was John G. Beale, Esq., of Fauquier county, Va.  Beale was considered to be a man of wealth, and had invested in Slave stock to the number of seventy head.  According to William's account of Beale, he was a "hard man and thought no more of his black people than he did of dogs."  When William entered upon the undertaking of freeing himself from Beale's barbarism, he had but one dollar and twenty-five cents in his possession; but he had physical strength and a determined mind, and being heartily sick of slavery, he was willing to make the trial, even at the cost of life.  Thus hopeful, he prosecuted his journey with suc-

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cess through strange regions of country, with but little aid or encouragement before reaching Philadelphia.  This feat, however, was not performed without getting lost by the way.  On arriving, his shoes were gone, and his feet were severely travel-worn.  The Committee rendered needed aid, etc., and sent William on to Canada to work for himself, and to be recognized as a subject of Great Britain.

     EDWARD PEADEN AND WIFE HARRIET, AND SISTER SELIA.  This man and his wife and wife's sister were a nice-looking trio, but they brought quite a sad story with them: the sale of their children, six in number.  The auction block had made such sad havoc among the, that no room was left to hope, that their situation would ever be improved by remaining.  Indeed they had been under a very gloomy cloud for some time previous to leaving, fearing that the auction block was shortly to be their doom.  To escape this fate, they were constrained to "secrete themselves for one month," until an opportunity offered them to secure a passage on a boat coming to Philadelphia.  Edward (the husband), was about forty-four yeas of age, of a dark color, well made, full face, pleasant countenance, and talked fluently.  Dr. Price claimed him as his personal property, and exacted all his hire and labor.  For twelve years he had been hired out for $100 per annum.  Harriet, the wife of Edward, belonged to David Baines, of Norfolk.  Her general appearance indicated, that nature had favored her physically and mentally, although being subjected to the drudgery of Slave life, with no advantages for development, she was simply a living testimony to the crushing influence of Slavery- with a heart never free from the saddened recollection of the auction block, on which all of her children had been sacrificed, "one by one."  Celia, the sister, also belonged to D. Baines, and was kept hired out - was last in the service of the Mayer of Norfolk.  Of her story nothing of any moment was recorded.  On their arrival in Philadelphia, as usual they were handed over to the Committee, and their wants were met.

     WILLIAM DAVIS.  All that the records contain of William is as follows:  He left Emmitsburg, Md., the previous Friday night, where he had been held by Dr. James Shoul.  William is thirty-two years of age, dark color, rather below medium stature.  With regard to his slave life, he declared that he had been "roughly used."  Besides, for some time before escaping he felt that his owner was in the "nothing of trading" him off.  The fear that this apprehended notion would be carried into execution, was that prompted him to leave his master.

     ALEXANDER BOGGS, alias JOHNSON HENSON.  This subject was under the ownership of a certain John Emie, who lived about three miles from Baltimore.  Mr. Emiehad only been in possession of the wayward Alexander three weeks, having purchased him of a trader named Dennit or $550.  This was not the first time, however, that he had experienced the

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trouble of changing masters, in consequence of having been sold.  Previously to his being disposed of by the trader Dennit, he had been owned by Senator Merrick, who had the misfortune to fail in business, in consequence whereof, his slaves had all to be sold and Alexander with the rest, away from his wife, Caroline and two children, James and Eliezer.
      This was a case  that appealed for sympathy and aid, which were cheerfully rendered by the Committee.  Alexander was about fifty years of age, of dark color.  On the Records no account of cruel treatment is found, other than being sold, &c.

     JOHN BROWN, alias JACOB WILLIAMS, arrived from Fredericktown, Md., where he had been working under the yoke of Joseph Postly.  John was a young an of twenty-nine years of age.  Up to the hour of his escape, his lot hand been that of an ordinary slave.  Indeed, he had much less to complain of with reference to usage than most slaves; the only thing in this respect the records contain, is simply a charge, that his master threatened to sell him.  But this did not seem to have been the motive which prompted John to take leave of his master.  Although untutored, he had mind enough to comprehend that Postly had no right to oppress him, and wrong him out of his hire.  John concluded that he would not stand such treatment any longer, and made up his mind to leave for Canada.  After due examination the Committee, finding his story reasonable, gave him the usual assistance, advice and instruction, and sent him on Canada-ward.

     SAMUEL SLATER, alias PATTERSON SMITH, came from a place called Power Bridge, Md.  He gave a satisfactory account of himself, and was commended for having wisely left his master, William Martin, to earn his bread by the sweat of his own brow.  Martin had held up the vision of the auction-block before Sam; this was enough.  Sam saw that it was time for him to be getting out of danger's way without delay, so he presumed, if others could manage to escape, he could too.  And he succeeded.  He was a stout man, about twenty-nine years of age, of dark complexion.  No particular mention of ill treatment is found on the Records.
     After arriving in Canada, his heart turned with deep interest and affection to those left in the prison-house, as the following letter indicates.

     MY DEAR FRIEND: - yours of the 15th came to hand and I was glad to hea from you and your dear family were well and the reason that I did not write sooner I expected get a letter from my brother in pennsylvania but I have not received any as yet when I wrote last I directed my letter to philip scott minister of the asbury church baltimore and that was the reason that I thought it strange I did not get an answer but I did not put my brother name to it I made arrangements before I left home with a family of smiths that I was to write to and the letter that I enclose in this I want you to direct it to D Philip scott in his care for mrs. cassey Jackson Duke Jacksons wife and she will give to Priana smith or Sarah Jane Smith those are the persons I wish to write to I wish you to write

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Leaving the woods he proceeded,to the wash-house and was kindly received by Isabella, but what to do with him or how to afford him any protection she could see no way whatever.   The schooling which Charles had been receiving a number of weeks in connection with the most fearful looking-for of the threatened wrath of the trader made it much easier for him than for her to see how he could be provided for.  A room and comforts he was not accustomed to.  Of course he could not expect such comforts now.  Like many another escaping from the relentless tyrant, Charles could contrive methods which to his venturesome mind would afford hope, however desperate they might appear to others.  He thought that he might be safe under the floor.  To Isabella the idea was new, but her sympathies were strongly with Charles, and she readily consented to accommodate him under the floor of the wash-house.  Isabella and a friend of Charles, by the name of John Thomas, were the only persons who were cognizant of this arrangement.  The kindness of these friends, manifested by their Willingness to do anything in their power to add to the comfort of Charles, was proof to him that his efforts and sufferings had not been altogether in vain.  He remained under the floor two weeks, accessible to kind voices and friendly ministrations.  At the end of this time his repose was again sorely disturbed by reports from without that suspicion had been awakened towards the wash-house.  How this happened neither Charles nor his friends could conjecture.  But the arrival of six officers whom he could hear talking very plainly in the house, whose errand was actually to search for him, convinced him that he had never for a single moment been in greater danger.  The officers not only searched the house, but they offered his friend John Thomas $25 if he would only put them on Charles’ track.  John professed to know nothing; Isabella was equally ignorant.  Discouraged with their efforts on this occasion, the officers gave up the hunt and left the house.  Charles, however, had had enough of the floor accommodations.  He left that night and returned to his old quarters under the hotel.  Here he stayed one week, at the expiration of which time the need of fresh air was so imperative, that he resolved to go out at night to Allen’s cottage and spend a day in the woods.  He had knowledge of a place where the undergrowth and bushes were almost impenetrable.  To rest and refresh himself in this thicket he felt would be a great comfort to him.  Without serious difficulty he reached the thicket, and while pondering over the all absorbing matter as to how he should ever manage to make his escape, an old man approached.  Now while Charles had no reason to think that he was sought by the old intruder, his very near approach admonished him that it would neither be safe nor agreeable to allow him to come nearer.  Charles remembering that his trick of playing the dog, when previously in danger under the hotel, had served a good end, thought that it would work well in the thicket.  So he again tried his power at growling and barking

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hideously for a. moment or two, which at once caused the man to turn his course.  Charles could hear him distinctly retreating, and at the same time cursing the dog.  The owner of the place had the reputation of keeping “bad dogs,” so the old man poured out a dreadful threat against “ Stephens’ dogs,” and was soon out of the reach of the one in the thicket.

     Notwithstanding his success in frightening off the old man, CHARLES felt that the thicket was by no means a safe place for him. He con cluded to make another change. This time he sought a marsh; two hours’ stay there was sufficient to satisfy him, that that too was no place to tarry in, even fora single night. He, therefore, left immediately. A third time, he returned to the hotel, where he remained only two days. His appeals had at last reached the heart of his mother—she could no longer bear to see him struggling, and suffering, and not render him aid, whatever the consequences might be. If she at first feared to lend him a helping hand, she now resolutely worked with a view of saving money to succor him. Here the prospect began to brighten.
     A passage was secured for him on a steamer bound for Philadelphia.  One more day, and night must elapse, ere he could be received on board. The joyful anticipations which now filled his breast left no room for fear; indeed, he could scarcely contain himself; he was drunk with joy.  In this state of mind he concluded that nothing would afford him more pleasure before leaving, than to spend his last hours at the wash house, “under the floor.”  To this place he went with no fear of hunters before his eyes.  Charles had scarcely been three hours in this place, however, before three officers came in search of him.  Two of them talked with Isabella, asked her about her “boarders,” etc.; in the meanwhile, one of them uninvited, made his way up stairs.  It so happened, that Charles was in this very portion of the house.  His case now seemed more hopeless than ever.  The officer ’up stairs was separated from him simply by a thin curtain.  Women’s garments hung all around.  Instead of fainting or surrendering, in the twinkling of an eye, Charles’ inventive intellect, led him to enrobe himself in female attire.  Here, to use his own language, a “thousand thoughts ” rushed into his mind in a minute.  The next instant he was going down stairs in the presence of the officers, his old calico dress, bonnet and rig, attracting no further attention than simply to elicit the following simple questions: “Whose gal are you ‘2” “Mr. Cockling’s, sir.”  “What is your name ‘I” “Delie, sir.” “Go on then!” said one of the officers, and on Charles went to avail himself of the passage on the steamer which his mother had procured for him for the sum of thirty dollars.
     In due time, he succeeded in getting on the steamer, but he soon learned, that her course was not direct to Philadelphia, but that some stay would be made in Norfolk, Va.  Although disappointed, yet this being a step in the right direction, he made up his mind to be patient.  He was delayed

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in Norfolk four weeks. From the time Charles first escaped, his owner (Davis the negro trader), had kept a standing reward of $550 advertised for his recovery.  This showed that Davis was willing to risk heavy expenses for Charles as well as gave evidence that he believed him still secreted either about Richmond, Petersburg, or Old Point Comfort.  In this belief he was not far from being correct, for Charles spent most of his time in either of these three places, from the day of his escape until the day that he finally embarked. At last, the long looked-for hour arrived to start for Philadelphia.
     He was to leave his mother, with no hope of ever seeing her again, but she had purchased herself and was called free.  Her name was Margaret Johnson.  Three brothers likewise were ever in his thoughts, (in chains), “Henry,” “Bill,” and “Sam,” (half brothers).  But after all the hope of freedom outweighed every other consideration, and he was prepared to give up all for liberty.  To die rather than remain a slave was his resolve.
     Charles arrived per steamer, from Norfolk, on the 11th day of November, 1854.  The Richmond papers bear witness to the fact, that Benjamin Davis advertised Charles Gilbert, for months prior to this date, as has been stated in this narrative.  As to the correctness of the story, all that the writer has to say is, that he took it down from the lips of Charles, hurriedly, directly after his arrival, with no thought of magnifying a single incident.  On the contrary, much that was of interest in the story had to be omitted.  Instead of being overdrawn, not half of the particulars were re corded. Had the idea then been entertained, that the narrative of this young slave-warrior was to be brought to light in the manner and time that it now is, a far more thrilling account of his adventures might have been written.  Other colored men who knew both Davis and Charles, as well as one man ordinarily knows another, rejoiced at seeing Charles in Philadelphia, and they listened with perfect faith to his story.  So marvellous were the incidents of his escape, that his sufferings in Slavery, previous to his heroic struggles to throw off the yoke, were among the facts omitted from the records.  While this may be regretted it is, nevertheless, gratifying on the whole to have so good an account of him as was preserved.  It is need less to say, that the Committee took especial pleasure in aiding him, and listening to so remarkable a story narrated so intelligently by one who had been a slave.

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LIBERTY OR DEATH.

JIM BOW-LEGS, alias BILL PAUL.

     In 1855 a traveler arrived with the above name, who, on examination, was found to possess very extraordinary characteristics.  As a hero and ad-

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venturer some passages of his history were most remarkable.  His schooling had been such as could only be gathered on plantations under brutal overseers; - or while fleeing, - or in swamps, - in prisons, - or on the auction-block, etc.; in which condition he was often found.  Nevertheless in these circumstances his mind got well stored with vigorous thoughts - neither books nor friendly advisers being at his command.  Yet his native intelligence as it regarded human nature, was extraordinary.  His resolution and perseverance never faltered.  In all respects he was a remarkable man.  He was a young man, weighing about one hundred and eighty pounds, of uncommon muscular strength.  He was born in the State of Georgia, Oglethorpe county, and was owned by Dr. Thomas Stephens, of Lexington.  On reaching the Vigilance Committee in Philadelphia, his story was told many times over to one and another.  Hour after hour was occupied by friends in listening to the simple narrative of his struggles for freedom.  A very full account of "Jim," was forwarded in a letter to M. A. Shadd, the then Editress of the "Provincial Freeman."  Said account has been carefully preserved, and is here annexed as it appeared in the columns of the above named paper:
     "I must now pass to a third adventurer.  The one to whom I allude, is a young man of twenty-six years of age, by the name of 'Jim,' who fled from near Charleston, S. C.  Taking all the facts and circumstances into consideration respecting the courageous career of this successful adventurer for freedom, his case is by far more interesting than any I have yet referred to.  Indeed, for the good of the cause, and the honor of one who gained his liberty by periling his life so frequently: - shot several times, - making six unsuccessful attempts to escape from the far South, - numberless times chased by bloodhounds, - captured, imprisoned and sold repeatedly, - living for months in the woods swamps and caves, subsisting mainly on parched corn and berries, &c, &c., his narrative ought, by all means, to be published, though I doubt very much whether many could be found who could persuade themselves to believe one-tenth part of this marvellous story.
     Through this poor Fugitive was utterly ignorant of letters, his natural good sense and keen perception qualified him to arrest the attention and interest the heart in a most remarkable degree.
     His master finding him not available, on account of his absconding propensities, would gladly have offered him for sale.  He was once taken to Florida, for that purposes; but, generally, traders being wide awake, on inspecting him, would almost invariably pronounce him a 'd--n rascal,' because he would never fail to eye them sternly, as they inspected him.  The obedient and submissive slave is always recognized by hanging his head and looking on the ground, when looked at by a slave-holder.  This lesson Jim had never learned, hence he was not to be trusted.
     His head and chest, and indeed his entire structure, as solid as a rock, indicated that he was physically no ordinary man; and not being under the

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influence of the spirit of "non-resistance," he had occasionally been found to be a rather formidable customer.
     His father was a full-blooded Indian, brother to the noted Indian Chief, Billy Bowlegs; his mother was quite black and of unmixed blood.
     For five or six years the greater part of Jims time was occupied in trying to escape, and in being in prison for sale, to punish him for running away.
     His mechanical generous was excellent, so were his geographical abilities.  He could make shoes or do carpenter's work very handily, though he had never had the chance to learn.  As to traveling by night or day, he was always road-ready and having an uncommon memory, could give exceedingly good accounts of what he saw, etc.
     When he entered a swamp, and had occasion to take a nap he took care first to decide upon the posture he must take, so that if come upon unexpectedly by the hounds and slave-hunters, he might know in an instant which way to steer to defeat them.  He always carried a liquid, which he had prepared, to prevent hounds from scenting him, which he said had never failed.  As soon as the hounds came to the place where he had rubbed his legs and feet with said liquid, they could follow him no further, but howled and turned immediately.
     Quite a large number of the friends of the slave saw this noble-hearted fugitive, and would sit long and listen with the most undivided attention to his narrative - none doubting for a moment, I think, the entire truthfulness of his story.  Strange as his story was, there was so much natural simplicity in his manner and countenance, one could not refrain from believing him."

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SALT-WATER FUGITIVE

     This was an exceptional case, as this passenger did not reach the Vigilance Committee of Philadelphia, yet to exclude him on this account, would be doing an injustice to history.
     The facts in his case were incontestably established in the Philadelphia Register in April, 1854, from which the following thrilling account is taken;
     The steamship, Keystone State, which arrived at this port on Saturday morning, had just entered Delaware Bay, when a man was discovered secreted outside of the vessel and under the guards.  When brought from his hiding-place, he was found to be a Fugitive Slave, who had secreted himself there before the vessel left Savannah on Wednesday, and had remained in that place from the time of starting!
     His position was such, that the water swept over and around him almost constantly.  He had some bread in his pocket, which he intended for

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subsistence until he could reach a land of liberty.  It was saturated with sea-water and dissolved to a pulp.
     When our readers remember the high winds of Friday, and the sudden change to cold during that night, and the fact that the fugitive had remained in that situation for three days and nights, we think it will be conceded that he fully earned his liberty, and that the "institution," which was so intolerable that he was willing to run the risk of almost certain death to escape from it had no very great attractions for him.  But the poor man was doomed to disappointment.  The captain ordered the vessel to put into Newcastle, where, the fugitive, hardly able to stand, was taken on shore and incarcerated, and where he now awaits the order of his owner in Savannah.  The following additional particulars are from the same paper of the 21st.
     The Keystone State case. - Our article yesterday morning brought us several letters of inquiry and offers of contributions to aid in the purchase from his master of the unfortunate inmate of Newcastle jail.  In answer to the former, we would say, that the steamer Keystone State, left Savannah, at 9 A. M., last Wednesday.  It was about the same hour next morning that the men engaged in heaving lead, heard a voice from under the guards imploring help.  A rope was procured, and the man relieved from his dangerous and suffering situation.  He was well cared for immediately; a suit of dry clothes was furnished him, and he was given his share of the contents of the boat pantry.  On arriving at Newcastle, the captain had him placed in jail, for the purpose, as we are informed, of taking him back to Savannah.
     To those who have offered contributions so liberally, we answer, that the prospect is, that only a small amount will be needed - enough to fee a lawyer to sue out a writ of habeas corpus.  The salt water fugitive claims to be a free man, and a native of Philadelphia.  He gives his name as Edward Davis, and says that he formerly lived at No. 5 Steel's court, that he was a pupil in Bird's school, on Sixth St. above Lombard, and that he has a sister living at Mr. Diamond's, a distiller, on South St.  We are not informed why he was in Georgia, from which he took such an extraordinary means why he was in Georgia, from which he took such an extraordinary means to effect his escape.  If the above assertion be true, we apprehend little trouble in restoring the man to his former home.  The claim of the captain to take him back to Savannah, will not be listened to for a moment by any court.  The only claim the owners of the "Keystone State" or the captain can have on salt water Davis, is for half passenger fare; he came half the way as a fish.  A gentleman who came form Wilmington yesterday, assures us that the case is in good hands at Newcastle.

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FULL PARTICULARS OF THE ABDUCTION, ENSLAVING AND ESCAPE OF DAVIS, ATTEMPT TO REDUCE HIM TO SLAVERY AGAIN.

     The case of the colored man Davis, who made such a bold stroke to regain his liberty, by periling his life on board the steamer Keystone State, has excited very general attention.  He has given a detailed account of his abduction and sale as a slave in the State of Maryland and Georgia, and some of his adventures up to the time of reaching Delaware.  His own story is substantially as follows:
     He left Philadelphia on the 15th of September, 1851, and went to Harrisburg, intending to go to Hollidaysburg; took a canal boat for Havre de Grace, where he arrived the next day.  there he hired on board the schooner Thomas and Edward (oyster boat), of Baltimore.  Went from Havre de Grace again.
     He then hired to a Mr. Sullivan, who kept a grocery store, to do jobs.  While there, a constable, named Smith, took him before a magistrate named Graham, who fined him fifteen or twenty dollars for violating the law in relation to free negroes coming into the State.  This fine he was not able to pay, and Smith took him to Bell Air prison.  Sheriff Gaw wrote to Mr. Maitland in Philadelphia, to whom he referred, and received an answer that Mr. Maitland was dead and none of the family knew him.  He remained in that prison nearly two months.  He then had a trial in court before  Judge Grier (most unfortunate name), who sentenced him to be sold to pay his fine and expenses, amounting to fifty dollars.
     After a few days and without being offered at public sale, he was taken out of jail at two o'clock in the morning and carried to Campbells slave pen, in Baltimore, where he remained several months.  While there, he was employed to cook for some fifty or sixty slaves, being told that he was working out his fine and jail fees.  After being there about six months, he was taken out of prison, handcuffed by one Winters, who took him and two or three others to Washington and thence to Charleston, S. C.  Here Winters left them, and they were taken by steamboat to Savannah.  While on board the boat, he learned that himself and the other two had been sold to Mr. William Dean of Macon, where he stayed two days, and was taken from that place to the East Valley Railroad.
     Subsequently he was sent to work on the Possum Tail Railroad.  Here he was worked so hard, that in one month he lost his health.  The other two men taken on with him, failed before he did.  He was then sent to Macon, and thence to the cotton plantation again.
     During the time he worked on the railroad he had allowed him for food, one peck of corn meal, four pounds of bacon, and one quart of molasses per week.  He cooked it himself at night, for the next day's sue.  He worked

[Pg. 245]
at packing cotton for four or five months, and in the middle of November, 1852, was sent back to the railroad, where he was again set to wheeling.
     He worked at "task work" two moths, being obliged to wheel sixteen square yards per day.  At the end of two months he broke down again, and was sick.  They tried one month to cure him, but did not succeed.  In July, 1853, he was taken to an infirmary in Macon.  Dr. Nottinghan and Dr. Harris, of that institution, both stated that his was the worst case of the kind they ever had.  He told the story of his wrongs to these physicians, who tried to buy him.  One of his legs was drawn up so that he could not walk well, and they offered four hundred dollars for him, which his aster refused.  The doctors wanted him to attend their patients, (mostly slaves).  While in Georgia he was frequently asked where he came from, being found more intelligent than the common run of slaves.
     On the 12th of March he ran away from Macon and went to Savannah.  There he hid in a stable until Tuesday afternoon at six o'clock, when he secreted himself on board the Keystone State.  At 9 o'clock the next morning the Keystone State left with Davis secreted, as we have before stated.  With his imprisonment in Newcastle, after being pronounced free, our readers are already familiar.  We subjoin the documents on which he was discharged from his imprisonment in Newcastle, and his subsequent re-committal on the oath of Capt. Hardie.

COPY OF FIRST ORDER OF COMMITMENT.

     New Castle county, ss., State of Delaware. - To Wm. R. Lynam, Sheriff of said county _____ Davis (Negro) is delivered to your custody for further examination and hearing for traveling without a pass, and supposed to be held a Slave to some person in the State of Georgia.
     [Seal].  Witness the hand and seal of John Bradford, one of the Justices of the Peace for the county of Newcastle, the 17th day of March, 1854.
                                                        JOHN BRADFORD, J. P.
     Witnesses - Joanna Diamond, John H. Brady, Martha C. Maguire.

COPY OF ORDER OF RE-COMMITMENT

     New Castle county, ss., the State of Delaware to Wm. R. Lynam, and to the Sheriff or keeper of the Common Jail of said county, Whereas _____ Davis hath this day been brought before, the subscriber, one of the Justices of the Peace, in and for the said county, charged upon the oath of Ro-

[Pg. 246]
bert Hardie with being a runaway slave, and also as a suspicious person, traveling without a pass, these are therefore to command you, the said Wm. R. Lynam, forthwith to convey and deliver into the custody of the said Sheriff, or keeper of the said jail, the body of the said Davis, and you the said Sheriff or receiver of the body of the said Davis into your custody in the said jail, and him there safely keep until he be thence delivered by due course of the law.
     Given under my hand and seal at New Castle this 21st day of March, A. D., 1854.
                                                      JOHN BRADFORD, J. P.

     On the fourth of April, the Marshal of Macon called at the jail in Newcastle, and demanded him as a fugitive slave, but the Sheriff refused to give him up until a fair hearing could be had according to the laws of the State of Delaware.  The Marshal has returned to Georgia, and will probably bring the claimant on the next trip to the Keystone State.  The authorities of Delaware manifest no disposition to deliver up a man whose freedom has been so clearly proved; but every effort will be made to reduce him again to slavery by the man who claims him, in which, it seems, he has the hearty co-operation of Capt. Hardie.  A trial will be had before U. S. Commissioner Guthrie, and we have every reason to suppose it will be a fair one.  The friends of right and justice should remember that such a trial will be attended with considerable expense, and that the imprisoned man has been too long deprived of his liberty to have money to pay for his own defence.

_________________

SAMUEL GREEN alias WESLEY KINNARD, August 28th, 1854.

TEN YEARS IN THE PENITENTIARY FOR HAVING A COPY OF UNCLE TOM'S CABIN.

     The passenger answering to the above name, left Indian Creek, Chester Co., Md., where he had been held to service or labor, by Dr. James Muse.  One week had elapsed from the time he set out until his arrival in Philadelphia.  Although he had never enjoyed school privileges of any kind, yet he was not devoid of intelligence.  He had profited by his daily experience as a slave, and withal, had managed to learn to read and write a little, despite law and usage to the contrary.  Sam was about twenty-five years of age and by trade, a blacksmith.  Before running away, his general character for sobriety, industry, and religion, had evidently been considered good, but in coveting his freedom and running away to obtain it, he had sunk far below the utmost limit of forgiveness or mercy in the estimation of the slave-holders of Indian Creek.
     During his intercourse with the Vigilance Committee, while rejoicing over his triumphant fight, he gave, with no appearance of excitement

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but calmly, and in a common-sense like manner, a brief descripton of his master, which was entered on the record book substantially as follows:  "Dr. James Muse is thought by the servants to be the worst man in Maryland, inflicting whipping and all manner of cruelties upon the servants."
     While Sam gave reasons for this sweeping charge, which left no room for doubt, on the part of the Committee, of his sincerity and good judgment, it was not deemed necessary to make note of more of the doctor's character than seemed actually needed, in order to show why "Sam" had taken passage on the Underground Rail Road.  For several years "Sam" was hired out y the doctor at blacksmithing; in this situation, daily wearing the yoke of unrequited labor, through the kindness of Harriet Tubman (sometimes called "Moses"), the light of the Underground Rail Road and Canada suddenly illuminated his mind.  It was new to him, but he was quite too intelligent and liberty-loving, not to heed the valuable information which this sister of humanity imparted.  Thenceforth he was in love with Canada, and likewise a decided admirer of the U. R. Road.  Harriet was herself, a shrewd and fearless agent, and well understood the entire route from that part of the country to Canada.  The spring previous, she had paid a visit to the very neighborhood in which "Sam" lived, expressly to lead her own brothers out of "Egypt."  She succeeded.  To "Sam" this was cheering and glorious news, and he made up his mind, that before a great while, Indian Creek should have one less slave and that Canada should have one more citizen.  Faithfully did he watch an opportunity to carry out his resolution.  In due time a good Providence opened the way, and to “Sam’s” satisfaction he reached Philadelphia, having encountered no peculiar difficulties.  The Committee, perceiving that he was smart, active, and promising, encouraged his undertaking, and having given him friendly advice, aided him in the usual manner.  Letters of introduction were given him, and he was duly forwarded on his way.  He had left his father, mother, and one sister behind.  Samuel and Catharine were the names of his parents.  Thus far, his escape would seem not to affect his parents, nor was it apparent that there was any other cause why the owner should revenge himself upon them.
     The father was an old local preacher in the Methodist Church—much esteemed as an inoffensive, industrious man; earning his bread by the sweat of his brow, and contriving to move along in the narrow road allotted colored people bond or free, without exciting a spirit of ill will in the pro slavery power of his community.  But the rancor awakened in the breast of slave-holders in consequence of the high-handed step the son had taken, brought the father under suspicion and hate.  Under the circumstances, the eye of Slavery could do nothing more than watch for an occasion to pounce upon him.  It was not long before the desired opportunity presented itself.   Moved by parental affection, the old man concluded to pay a visit to his

[Pg. 248]
boy, to see how he was faring in a distant land, and among strangers.  This resolution he quietly carried into effect.  He found his son in Canada, doing well; industrious; a man of sobriety, and following his father’s footsteps religiously.  That the old man’s heart was delighted with what his eyes saw and his ears heard in Canada, none can doubt.  But in the simplicity of his imagination, he never dreamed that this visit was to he made the means of his destruction.  During the best portion of his days he had faithfully worn the badge of Slavery, had afterwards purchased his freedom, and thus become a free man.  He innocently conceived the idea that he was doing no harm in availing himself not only of his God-given rights, but of the rights that he had also purchased by the hard toil of his own hands.  But the enemy was lurking in ambush for him - thirsting for his blood.  To his utter consternation, not long after his return from his visit to his son “a party of gentlemen from the New Market district, went at night to Green’s house and made search, whereupon was found a copy of Uncle Tom’s Cabin, etc.”  This was enough - the hour had come, wherein to wreak vengeance upon poor Green.  The course pursued and the result, may be seen in the following statement taken from the Cambridge (Md.), “Democrat,” of April 29th, 1857, and communicated by the writer to the “Provincial Freeman.”

SAM GREEN

     The case of the State against Sam Green (free negro) indicted for having in his possession, papers, pamphlets and pictorial representations, having a tendency to create discontent, etc., among the people of color in the State, was tried before the court on Friday last.
     This case was of the utmost importance, and has created in the public mind a great deal of interest - it being the first case of the kind ever having occurred in our country.
     It appeared, in evidence, that this Green has a son in Canada, to whom Green made a visit last summer.  Since his return to this county, suspicion has fastened upon him, as giving aid and assisting slaves who have since absconded and reached Canada, and several weeks ago, a party of gentlemen from New Market district, went at night, to Green’s house and made search, whereupon was found a volume of “Uncle Tom’s Cabin,” a map of Canada, several schedules of routes to the North, and a letter from his son in Canada, detailing the pleasant trip he had, the number of friends he met with on the way, with plenty to eat, drink, etc., and concludes with a request to his father, that he shall tell certain other slaves, naming them, to come on, which slaves, it is well known, did leave shortly afterwards, and have reached Canada.  The case was argued with great ability, the counsel on both sides displaying a great deal of ingenuity, learning and eloquence.  The first indictment was for the having in possession the letter, map and route schedules.

[Pg. 249]

     Notwithstanding the mass of evidence given, to show the prisoner’s guilt, in unlawfully having in his possession these documents, and the nine-tenths of the community in which he lived, believed that he had a hand in the running away of slaves, it was the opinion of the court, that the law under which he was indicted, was not applicable to the case, and that he must, accordingly, render a verdict of not guilty.
     He was immediately arraigned upon another indictment, for having in possession “Uncle Tom’s Cabin,” and tried; in this case the court has not yet rendered a verdict, but holds it under curia till after the Somerset county court.  It is to be hoped, the court will find the evidence in this case sufficient to bring it within the scope of the law under which the prisoner is indicted (that of 1842, chap. 272), and that the prisoner may meet his due reward—be that what it may.
     That there is something required to be done by our Legislators, for the protection of slave property, is evident from the variety of constructions put upon the statute in this case, and we trust, that at the next meeting of . the Legislature there will be such amendments, as to make the law on this  subject, perfectly clear and comprehensible to the understanding of every one.
     In the language of the assistant counsel for the State, “ Slavery must be protected or it must be abolished.”
     From the same sheet, of May 20th, the terrible doom of Samuel Green, is announced in the following words:
     In the case of the State against Sam Green, (free negro) who was tried at the April term of the Circuit Court of this county, for having in his possession abolition pamphlets, among which was “ Uncle Tom’s Cabin,” has been found guilty by the court, and sentenced to the penitentiary for the term of ten years—until the 14th of May, 1867.
     The son, a refugee in Canada, hearing the distressing news of his father’s sad fate in the hands of the relentless “gentlemen,” often wrote to know if there was any prospect of his deliverance. The subjoined letter is a fair sample of his correspondence:

     Dear Sir I take my pen in hand to Request a faver of you if you can by any means without duin In-Jestus to your self or your Bisness to grant it as I Bleve you to be a man that would Sympathize in such a ones Condition as my self I Reseved a letter that Stats to me that my Fater has ben Betraed in the act of helping sum frend to Canada and the law has Convicted and Sentanced him to the Stats prison for 10 yeares his White Frands ofered 2 thousen Dollers to Redem him but they would not short three thousen. I am in Canada and it is a Dificult thing to get a letter to any of my Frands in Maryland so as to get prop per infermation abot it—if you can by any means get any in telligence from Baltimore City a bot this Event Plese do so and Rit word and all so all the inform mation that you think prop per as Regards the Evant and the best mathod to Redeme him and so Plese Rite soon as you can You will oblige your sir Frand and Drect your letter to Salford P. office C. W.

                                                                                                 SAMUEL GREEN,

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     In this dark hour the friends of the Slave could do but little more than sympathize with this heart-stricken son and grey-headed father.  The aged follower of the Rejected and Crucified had like Him to bear the “reproach of many,” and make his bed with the wicked in the Penitentiary.  Doubtless there were a few friends in his neighborhood who sympathized with him, but they were powerless to aid the old man.  But thanks to a kind Providence, the great deliverance brought about during the Rebellion by which so many captives were freed, also unlocked Samuel Green’s prison doors and he was allowed to go free.
     After his liberation from the Penitentiary, we had from his own lips narrations of his years of suffering—of the bitter cup, that he was compelled to drink, and of his being sustained by the Almighty Arm—but no notes were taken at the time, consequently we have nothing more to add concerning him, save quite a faithful likeness.

AN IRISH GIRL'S DEVOTION TO FREEDOM.
IN LOVE WITH A SLAVE - GETS HIM OFF TO CANADA - FOLLOWS HIM - MARRIAGE, &C.

     Having dwelt on the sad narratives of Samuel Green and his son in the preceding chapter, it is quite a relief to be able to introduce a traveler whose story contains incidents less painful to contemplate. From the record book the following brief account is taken:

     “April 27, 1855. John Hall arrived safely from Richmond, Va, per schooner, (Captain B).  One hundred dollars were paid for his passage.  In Richmond he was owned by James Dunlap, a merchant.  John had

[Pg. 251]
been sold several times, in consequence of which, he had possessed very good opportunities of experiencing the effect of change of owners.  Then, too, the personal examination made before sale, and the gratification afforded his master when he (John), brought a good price—left no very pleasing impressions on his mind.
     By one of his owners, named Burke, John alleged that he had been “cruelly used.”  When quite young, both he and his sister, together with their mother, were sold by Burke.  From that time he had seen neither mother nor sister—they were sold separately.  For three or four years the desire to seek liberty had been fondly cherished, and nothing but the want of a favorable opportunity had deterred him from carrying out his designs.  He considered himself much “imposed upon” by his master, particularly as he was allowed “no choice about living” as he “desired.”  This was indeed ill-treatment as John viewed the matter. John may have wanted too much. He was about thirty-five years of age, light complexion - tall - rather handsome-looking, intelligent, and of good manners. But notwithstanding these prepossessing features, John’s owner valued him at only
$1,000.  If he had been a few shades darker and only about half as intelligent as he was, he would have been worth at least $500 more.  The idea of having had a white father, in many instances, depreciated the pecuniary value of male slaves, if not of the other sex.  John emphatically was one of this injured class; he evidently had blood in his veins which decidedly warred against submit-ting to the yoke.  In addition to the influence which such rebellious blood exerted over him, together with a considerable amount of intelligence, he was also under the influence and advice of a daughter of old Ireland.  She was heart and soul with John in all his plans which looked Canada-ward.  This it was that “sent him away.”
     It is very certain, that this Irish girl was not annoyed by the kinks in John’s hair.  Nor was she overly fastidious about the small percentage of colored blood visible in John's complexion.  It was, however, a strange occurrence and very hard to understand.  Not a stone was left unturned until John was safely-on the Underground Rail Road.  Doubtless she helped to earn the money which was paid for his passage.  And when he was safe off, it is not too much to say, that John was not a whit more delighted than was his intended Irish lassie, Mary Weaver.  John had no sooner reached Canada than Mary’s heart was there too.  Circumstances, however, required that she should remain in Richmond a number of months for the purpose of winding up some of her affairs.  As soon as the way opened for her, she followed him.  It was quite manifest, that she had not let a single opportunity slide, but seized the first chance and arrived partly by means of the Underground Rail Road and partly by the regular train.  Many difficulties were surmounted before and after leaving Richmond, by which they earned their merited success.  From Canada, where they anticipated entering upon the ma-

[Pg. 252]
trimonial career with mutual satisfaction, it seemed to afford them great pleasure to write back frequently, expressing their heartfelt gratitude for assistance, and their happiness in the prospect of being united under the favorable auspices of freedom.  At least two or three of these letters, bearing on particular phases of their escape, etc., are too valuable not to be published in this connection:

FIRST LETTER.

     MR. STILL: - Sir and Friend - I take the liberty of addressing you with these few lines hoping that you will attend to what I shall request of you.
     I have written to Virginia and have not received an answer yet.  I want to know of you can get any one of your city to go to Richmond for me.  If you can, I will pay the expense of the whole.  The person that I want the messenger to see is a white girl.  I expect you know who I allude to, it is the girl that sent me away.  If you can get any one to go, you will please write right away and tell me the cost, &c.  I will forward the money and a letter.  Please use your endeavors.     Yours Respectfully,  JOHN HALL.
     Direct yours to Mr. Hill.

SECOND LETTER

     To MR. STILL, DEAR SIR: - I take this opportunity of addressing these few lines to you hoping to find  you in good health I am happy to inform you that Miss Weaver arrived here on Tuesday last, and I can assure you it was indeed a happy day.  As for your part that you done I will not attempt to tell you how thankful I am, but I hope that you can imagine what my feelings are to you.  I cannot find words sufficient to express my gratitude to you, I think the wedding will take place on Tuesday next, I have seen some of the bread from your house, and she says it is the best bread she has had since she has been in America.  Sometimes she has impudence enough to tell me she would rather be where you are in Philadelphia than to be here with me.  I hope this will be no admiration to you for no honest hearted person ever saw you that would not desire to be where you are, No flattery, but candidly speaking, you are worthy all the praise of any person who has ever been with you, I am now like a deserted Christian, but yet I have 0asked so much, and all has been done yet I must ask again, My love to Mrs. Still.  Dear Mr. Still I now ask you please to exercise all your influence to get this young man Willis Johnson from Richmond for me It is the young man that Miss Weaver told you about, he is in Richmond I think he is at the corner of Fushien Street, & Grace in a house of one Mr. Rutherford, there is several Rutherford in the neighborhood, there is a church call’d the third Baptist Church, on the R. H. side going up Grace street, directly opposite the Baptist church at the corner, is Mrs. Meads Old School at one corner, and Mr. Ruthefords is at the other corner.  He can be found out by seeing Fountain Tombs who belongs to Mr. Rutherford and if you should not see him, there is James Turner who lives at the Governors, Please to see Captain Bayliss and tell him to take these directions and go to John Hill, in Petersburgh, and he may find him.  Tell Captain Bayliss that if he ever did me a friendly thing in his life which he did do one friendly act, if he will take this on himself, and if money should be lacking I will forward any money that he may require, I hope you will sympathize with the poor young fellow, and tell the captain to do all in his power to get him and the costs shall be paid.  He lies now between death or victory, for I know the man he belongs to would just as soon kill him as not, if he catches him, I here enclose to you a letter for Mr. Wm. C. Mayo, and please to send it as directed.  In this letter I have asked him to send a box to you for me, which you will please pay

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the fare of the express upon it, when you get it please to let me know, and I will send you the money to pay the expenses of the carriage clear through.  Please to let Mr. Mayo know how to direct a box to you, and the best way to send it from Richmond to Philadelphia.  You will greatly oblige me by so doing.  In this letter I have enclosed a. trifle for postage which you will please to keep on account of my letters I hope you wont think hard of me but I simply send it because I know you have done enough, and are now doing more, without imposing in the matter I have done it a great many more of our people who you have done so much fore.  No more from your humble and oldest servant.

THIRD LETTER

     SIR:—I take this opportunity of informing you that we are in excellent health, and hope you are the same, I wrote a letter to you about 2 weeks ago and have not yet had an answer to it I wish to inform you that the wedding took place on Tuesday last, and Mrs. Hall now sends her best love to you, I enclose a letter which I wish you to forward to Mr. Mayo, you will see in his letter what I have said to him and I wish you would furnish him with such directions as it requires for him to send them things to you.  I have told him not to pay for them but to send them to you so when you get them write me word what the cost of them are, and I will send you the money for them.  Mary desires you to give her love to Mrs. Still.  If any letters come for me please to send to me at Nortons Hotel, Please to let me know if you had a letter from me about 12 days ago.  You will please Direct the enclosed to Mr. W. C. Mayo, Richmond, Va.  Let me know if you have heard anything of Willis Johnson Mr. & Mrs. Hill send their kind love to you, they are all well, no more at present from your affect.,

FOURTH LETTER.

     DEAR SlR:—I am happy to inform you that we are both enjoying good health and hope you are the same.  I have been expecting a letter from you for some time but I suppose your business has prevented you from writing.  I suppose you have not heard from any of my friends at Richmond.  I have been longing to hear some news from that part, you may think “Out of sight and out of mind," but I can assure you, no matter how far I may be, or in what distant land, I shall never forget you, if I can never reach you by letters you may be sure I shall-always think of you.  I have found a great many friends in my life, but I must say you are the best one I ever met with, except one, you must know who that is, 'tis one who if I did not consider a friend, I could not consider any other person a friend, and that is Mrs. Hall.  Please to let me know if the navigation between New York & Richmond is closed.  Please to let me know whether it would be convenient to you to go to New York if it is please let me know what is the expense.  Tell Mrs. Still that my wife would be very happy to receive a letter from her at some moment when she is at leisure, for I know from what little I have seen of domestic affairs it keeps her pretty well employed, And I know she has not much time to write but if it were but two lines, she would be happy to receive it from her, my reason for wanting you to go to New York, there is a young man named Richard Myers and 1 should like for you to see him.  He goes on board the Orono to Richmond and is a particular friend of mine and by seeing him I could get my clothes from Richmond, I expect to be out of employ in a few days, as the hotel is about to close on the 1st January and I hope you will write to me soon I want you to send me word how you and all the family are and all the

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news you can, you must excuse my short letter, as it is now near one o'clock and I must attend to business, but I have not written half what I intended to, as time is short, hoping to hear from you soon I remain yours sincerely,                   JOHN HALL.
     Mr. and Mrs. Hill desire their best respects to you and Mrs. Still.

     It cannot be denied that this is a most extraordinary occurrence.  In some respects it is without a parallel.  It was, however, no uncommon thing for white men (slave-holders) in the South to have colored wives and children whom they did not hesitate to live with and acknowledge by their actions, with their means, and in their wills as the rightful heirs of their substance.  Probably there is not a state in the Union where such relations have not existed.  Seeing such usages, Mary might have reasoned that she had as good a right to marry the one she loved most as anybody else, particularly as she was in a “ free country.”

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