|
Objects in View
by James P. Conroy - pp. i -
lxiv - PARTIALLY
FINISHED |
|
CHAPTER I. -
FINISHED 2/9/2021
SOURCES OF THE HISTORY OF
THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD
|
| |
PAGES |
| The Underground Road
as a subject for research |
1 |
| Obscurity of the
subject |
2 |
| Books dealing with the
subject |
2 |
| Magazine articles on
the Underground Railroad |
5 |
| Newspaper articles on
the subject |
6 |
| Scarcity of
contemporaneous documents |
7 |
| Reminiscences the
chief source |
11 |
| The value of
reminiscences illustrated |
12 |
|
CHAPTER II.
- FINISHED 2/17/2022
ORIGIN AND GROWTH OF THE
UNDERGROUND ROAD
|
| Conditions under which
the Underground Road originated |
17 |
| The disappearance of
slavery from the Northern states |
17 |
| Early provisions for
the return of fugitive slaves |
19 |
| The Fugitive Slave
clause in the Ordinance of 1787 |
20 |
| The Fugitive Slave Law
of 1793 |
21 |
| The Fugitive Slave Law
of 1850 |
22 |
| Desire for freedom
among the slaves |
25 |
| Knowledge of Canada
among the slaves |
27 |
| Some local factors in
the origin of the underground movement |
30 |
| The development of the
movement in eastern Pennsylvania, in New Jersey, and in
New York |
33 |
| The development of the
movement in the New England states |
36 |
| The development of the
movement in the West |
37 |
| The naming of the Road |
44 |
|
CHAPTER III - FINISHED 2/25/2026
THE METHODS OF THE UNDERGROUND
RAILROAD
|
| Penalties for aiding
fugitive slaves |
47 |
| Social contempt
suffered by abolitionists |
48 |
| Espionage practised
upon abolitionists |
50 |
| Rewards for the
capture of fugitives and the kidnapping of abolitionists |
52 |
| Devices to secure secrecy |
54 |
| Service at night |
54 |
| Methods of communication |
56 |
| Methods of conveyance |
59 |
| Zigzag and variable
routes |
61 |
| Places of concealment |
62 |
| Disguises |
64 |
| Informality of management |
67 |
| Colored and white agents |
69 |
| City vigilance committees |
70 |
| Supplies for fugitives |
76 |
| Transportation of
fugitives by rail |
78 |
| Transportation of
fugitives by water |
81 |
| Rescue of fugitives under
arrest |
83 |
|
CHAPTER IV
- FINISHED 2/15/2021 (except map)
UNDERGROUND AGENTS, STATION-KEEPERS, OR CONDUCTORS
|
| Underground agents,
station keepers, or conductors |
87 |
| Their hospitality |
87 |
| Their principles |
89 |
| Their nationality |
90 |
| Their church
connections |
93 |
| Their party affinities |
99 |
| Their local standing |
101 |
| Prosecutions of
underground operators |
101 |
| Defensive League of
Freedom proposed |
103 |
| Persons of prominence
among underground helpers |
104 |
|
CHAPTER V. - - updated 2/23/2026
STUDY OF THE MAP OF THE
UNDERGROUND RAILROAD SYSTEM
|
|
Geographical extent of
underground lines |
113 |
|
Location and distribution
of stations |
114 |
|
Southern routes |
116 |
|
Lines of Pennsylvania,
New Jersey, and New York - Partially transcribed |
120 |
| Routes of the New England
states |
128 |
| Lines within the old
Northwest Territory |
134 |
| Noteworthy features of
the general map |
139 |
| Complex routes |
141 |
| Broken lines and isolated
place names |
141 |
| River routes |
142 |
| Routes by rail |
142 |
| Routes by sea |
144 |
| Terminal stations |
145 |
|
Lines of lake travel |
147 |
|
Canadian ports |
148 |
|
CHAPTER VI
- Started 2/17/2022
ABDUCTION OF SLAVES FROM THE
SOUTH
|
| Aversion among
underground helpers to abduction of slaves |
150 |
| Abductions by negroes
living along the northern border of the slave states |
151 |
| Abductions by Canadian
refugees |
152 |
| Abductions by white
persons in the South |
153 |
| Abductions by white
persons in the North |
154 |
| The Missouri raid of John
Brown |
162 |
| John Brown's great plan |
166 |
| Abductions attempted in
response to appeals |
168 |
| Devotees of abduction |
178 |
|
CHAPTER VII
- Updated 2/23/2026
LIFE OF THE COLORED REFUGEES
IN CANADA
|
| Slavery question in
Canada |
190 |
| Flight of slaves to
Canada |
192 |
| Refugees representative
of the slave class |
195 |
| Misinformation about
Canada among slaves |
197 |
| Hardships borne by
Canadian refugees |
198 |
| Efforts toward immediate
relief for fugitives |
199 |
| Attitude of the Canadian
government |
201 |
| Conditions favorable to
their settlement in Canada |
203 |
| Sparseness of population |
203 |
| Uncleared lands |
204 |
| Encouragement of
agricultural colonies among refugees |
205 |
| Dawn Settlement |
205 |
| Elgin Settlement |
207 |
| Refugees' Home Settlement |
209 |
| Alleged disadvantages of
the colonies |
211 |
| Their advantages |
212 |
| Refugee settlers in
Canadian towns |
217 |
| Census of Canadian
refugees |
220 |
| Occupations of Canadian
refugees |
223 |
| Progress made by Canadian
refugees |
224 |
| Domestic life of the
refugees |
227 |
| School privileges |
228 |
| Organizations for
self-improvement |
230 |
| Churches |
231 |
| Rescue of friends from
slavery |
231 |
| Ownership of property |
232 |
| Rights of citizenship |
233 |
| Character as citizens |
233 |
|
CHAPTER VIII
-
FINISHED 2/10/2021
FUGITIVE SETTLERS IN THE
NORTHERN STATES
|
| Number of fugitive
settlers in the North |
235 |
| The Northern states an
unsafe refuge for runaway slaves |
239 |
| Reclamation of
fugitives in the free states |
239 |
| Protection of
fugitives in the free states |
242 |
| Object of the personal
liberty laws |
245 |
| Effect of the law of
1850 on fugitive settlers |
246 |
| Underground operators
among fugitives of the free states |
251 |
|
CHAPTER IX. -
FINISHED 2/16/2022
PROSECUTION OF UNDERGROUND RAILROAD MEN
|
| Enactment of the
Fugitive Slave Law of 1793 |
254 |
| Grounds on which the
constitutionality of the measure was questioned |
254 |
| Denial of trial by
jury to the fugitive slave |
255 |
| Summary mode of arrest |
257 |
| The question of
concurrent jurisdiction between the federal and state
governments in fugitive slave cases |
259 |
| The law of 1793 versus
the Ordinance of 1787 |
261 |
| Power of Congress to
legislate concerning the extradition of fugitive slaves
denied |
263 |
| State officers
relieved of the execution of the law by the Prigg
decision, 1842 |
264 |
| Amendment of the law
of 1793 by the law of 1850 |
265 |
| Constitutionality of
the law of 1850 questioned |
267 |
| First case under the
law of 1850 |
268 |
| Authority of a United
States commissioner |
269 |
| Penalties imposed for
aiding and abetting the escape of fugitives |
273 |
| Trial on the charge of
treason in the Christiana case, 1854 |
279 |
| Counsel for fugitive
slaves |
281 |
| Last case under the
Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 |
285 |
| Attempted revision of
the law |
285 |
| Destruction attacks
upon the measure in Congress |
286 |
| Lincoln's Proclamation
of Emancipation |
287 |
| Repeal of the Fugitive
Slave Acts |
288 |
|
CHAPTER X. - Started 2/17/2022
THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD IN
POLITICS.
|
| Valuation of the
Underground Railroad in its Political aspect. |
290 |
| The question of the
extradition of fugitive slaves in colonial times |
290 |
| Importance of hte
question in the constitutional conventions |
293 |
| Failure of the Fugitive
Slave Law of 1793 |
294 |
| Agitation for a more
efficient measure |
295 |
| Diplomatic negotiations
for the extradition of colored refugees from Canada,
1826-1828 |
299 |
| The fugitive slave a
missionary in the cause of freedom |
300 |
| Slave-hunting in the free
states |
302 |
| Preparation for th
abolition movement of 1830 |
303 |
| The Underground Railroad
and the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 |
308 |
| The law in Congress |
310 |
| The enforcement of the
law of 1850 |
316 |
| The Underground Road and
Uncle Tom's Cabin |
321 |
| Political importance of
the novel |
323 |
| Sumner of the influence
of escaped slaves in the North |
324 |
| The spirit of
nullification in the North |
327 |
| The Glover rescue,
Wisconsin, 1854 |
327 |
| The rendition of Burns,
Boston, 1854 |
331 |
| The rescue of Addison
White, Mechanicsburg, Ohio, 1857 |
334 |
| The Oberlin-Wellington
rescue, 1858 |
335 |
| Obstruction of the
Fugitive Slave Law by means of the personal liberty acts |
337 |
| John Brown's attempt to
free the slaves |
338 |
|
CHAPTER XI. -
FINISHED 2/9/2021
EFFECT OF THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD
|
| The Underground road
the means of relieving the South of many despairing
slaves |
340 |
| Loss sustained by
slave-owners through underground channels |
340 |
| The United States
census reports on fugitive slaves |
342 |
| Estimate of the number
of slaves escaping into Ohio, 1830-1860 |
346 |
| Similar estimate for
Philadelphia, 1830-1860 |
346 |
| Drain on the resources
of the depot at Lawrence, Kansas, described in a letter
of Col. J. Bowles, April 4, 1859 |
347 |
| Work of the
Underground Railroad as compared with that of the
American Colonization Society |
350 |
| The violation of the
Fugitive Slave Law a chief complaint of Southern states
at the beginning of the Civil War |
351 |
| Refusal of the
Canadian government to yield up the fugitive Anderson,
1860 |
352 |
| Session of the
Southern states begun |
353 |
| Conclusion of the
fugitive slave controversy |
355 |
| General effect and
significance of the controversy |
356 |
|
ILLUSTRATIONS, PORTRAITS, FACSIMILES
AND MAPS
|
|
The Underground Railroad: Levi Coffin
receiving a company of fugitives in the outskirts of
Cincinnati, Ohio |
Frontispiece |
|
Isaac T. Hopper |
17 |
|
The Runaway: a stereotype cut used on
handbills advertising escaped slaves |
27 |
| Crossing-place on the
Ohio River at Steubenville, Ohio |
47 |
| The Rankin House, Ripley,
Ohio |
47 |
| Facsimile of an
Underground Message |
on page 57 |
| Barn of Seymour Finney,
Detroit, Michigan |
65 |
| The Old First Church,
Galesburg, Illinois |
65 |
|
William
Still |
75 |
| Levi
Coffin |
87 |
|
Frederick
Douglass |
104 |
| Caves in Salem Township,
Washington County, Ohio |
130 |
| House of Mrs.
Elizabeth Buffum Chace, Valley Falls, Rhode Island |
130 |
| The Detroit River at
Detroit, Michigan |
147 |
| Ashtabula Harbor, Ohio |
147 |
|
Samuel Harper and wife |
163 |
|
Ellen Craft as she escaped from Slavery |
163 |
|
MAPS
|
| Map of the Underground
Railroad System |
Facing page 113 |
| Map of Underground Lines
in Southeastern Pennsylvania |
Facing page 113 |
| Map of Underground Lines
in Morgan County, Ohio |
On page 136 |
| Lewis Falley's Map of the
Underground Routes of Indiana and Michigan |
On page 138 |
| Map of an Underground
Line through Livingston and La Salle Counties, Illinois |
On page 139 |
| Map of Underground Lines
through Greene, Warren and Clinton Counties, Ohio |
On page 140 |
|
APPENDICES
|
| |
PAGES |
| APPENDIX A:
Constitutional Provisions and National Acts relative to
Fugitive Slaves, 1787-1850 |
359-366 |
|
APPENDIX B: List of
Important Fugitive Slave Cases -
FINISHED 2/23/2026 |
367-377 |
| APPENDIX C: Figures
from the United States Census Reports relating to
Fugitive Slaves |
378,379 |
| APPENDIX D:
Bibliography |
380-402 |
| APPENDIX E:
Directory of the names of Underground Railroad Operators
and Members of Vigilance Committees |
403-439 |
